tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18218193012880660772024-03-12T18:12:15.270-07:00The History of Tukuran, Zamboanga del SurHome of LICEO DE ZAMBOANGA / Swimming Capital of Zamboanga del Sur / The Isthmus of Zamboanga Peninsula
By Amando Respicio BoncalesOracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1821819301288066077.post-29918004364315070442007-11-23T16:23:00.000-08:002011-04-04T12:56:23.257-07:00List of Respondents<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisOJuKJMsZR1mr-hE1Gy985jsWY9n4ag1VnCoWG2b0siJov4M7FYASF_y3kauw6pLb8gkk-ERRhOaNCT7Thn13JrO2U-6z4C76VJ_2MIw0gFwd3tHO5WqGSrIYZZg2rpUC9EAifY1LczY/s1600/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 256px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisOJuKJMsZR1mr-hE1Gy985jsWY9n4ag1VnCoWG2b0siJov4M7FYASF_y3kauw6pLb8gkk-ERRhOaNCT7Thn13JrO2U-6z4C76VJ_2MIw0gFwd3tHO5WqGSrIYZZg2rpUC9EAifY1LczY/s320/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5591819678363024578" /></a><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >TUKURAN, ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR, PHILIPPINES - With its aim to serving the globalizing community in the municipality, a new school </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >with an international-oriented curriculum opens. <a href="http://www.liceodezamboanga.org/">Liceo de Zamboanga</a> (LDZ) was founded in 2005 and started to operate this school year 2011-2012.<br /><br />The curriculum experts and advisers are diverse, as they are people of different heritage, many of whom came from Northern Illinois University and University of California at Berkeley, U.S.A. The main objective of the school is to become a catalyst for social change in the region and to the globalizing world. LDZ maintains an uncompromising commitment to providing a preeminent student-centered learning experience to its students and to participating actively in the global community it serves.</span><br /></span><br /><br /><table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none ; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style="height: 26.5pt;"> <td colspan="4" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 6.15in; height: 26.5pt;" valign="top" width="738"> <h1 style="text-align: center;" align="center">LIST OF RESPONDENTS<o:p></o:p></h1> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <h2>NAMES<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <h2>AGE<o:p></o:p></h2> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <h2>OCCUPATION/POSITION <o:p></o:p></h2> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">DATE OF INTERVIEW<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">1.<span style=""> </span>Lagoy, Leonora<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">77<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Ilocano pioneer<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="23" month="5" st="on"><b style="">05-23-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">2.<span style=""> </span>Navales, Ponciano<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">82<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">USSAFFE & Guerilla<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="23" month="5" st="on"><b style="">05-23-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">3.<span style=""> </span>Navales, Josefina<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">77<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Visayan pioneer<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="23" month="5" st="on"><b style="">05-23-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">4.<span style=""> </span>Sagun, Crispin<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">84<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">USSAFFE & Guerilla<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="22" month="5" st="on"><b style="">05-22-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">5.<span style=""> </span>Villamero, Felimino<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">87<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">First Municipal Mayor 1959<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2000" day="21" month="12" st="on"><b style="">12-21-00</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">6.<span style=""> </span>Gosalo,<span style=""> </span>Maxima<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">78<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Ilocano pioneer<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="21" month="5" st="on"><b style="">05-21-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">7.<span style=""> </span>Cabredo, Guellerma<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">84<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Ilocano pioneer<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="22" month="5" st="on"><b style="">05-22-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">8.<span style=""> </span>Suday, Raymunda<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">94<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Visayan pioneer<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="23" month="5" st="on"><b style="">05-23-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">9.<span style=""> </span>Fernandez, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Elizabeth</st1:city></st1:place> <o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">75<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Visayan pioneer<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="24" month="5" st="on"><b style="">05-24-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">10. Calletor, Prudencio<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">75<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Municipal Mayor 1980<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="21" month="10" st="on"><b style="">10-21-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">11. Vega,<span style=""> </span>Bonifacio<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">68<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Municipal Mayor 1988<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2000" day="24" month="12" st="on"><b style="">12-24-00</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">12. Panduma, Mamadra<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">85<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Sultan of Tukuran<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="11" month="10" st="on"><b style="">10-11-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">13. Barrido, Isaias<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">73<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Municipal Mayor 1995<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2000" day="23" month="12" st="on"><b style="">12-23-00</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">14. Respecio, Romeo<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">66<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Ilocano pioneer<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2000" day="23" month="12" st="on"><b style="">12-23-00</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">15. Lahaylahay, Hilaria<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">73<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Visayan pioneer<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="21" month="10" st="on"><b style="">10-21-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">16. Respecio, Rufino Jr.<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">44<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Tukuranon<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="21" month="10" st="on"><b style="">10-21-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">17. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Dongallo</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">Virginia</st1:state></st1:place><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">64<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Visayan pioneer<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="25" month="10" st="on"><b style="">10-25-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">18. Cabrales, Napoleon<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">75<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Ilocano pioneer<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="25" month="8" st="on"><b style="">08-25-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">19. Magsipok, Nino<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">25<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Tukuranon<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2000" day="23" month="12" st="on"><b style="">12-23-00</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">20. Rivera, Marcelino<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">54<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Pfc. PA 29<sup>th</sup> IB<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2002" day="4" month="1" st="on"><b style="">01-04-02</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">21. Boncales, Thessa<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">53<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Clerk of Court 1977<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2002" day="3" month="1" st="on"><b style="">01-03-02</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">22. Boncales, Alfredo<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">55<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Tax Collector<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2002" day="3" month="1" st="on"><b style="">01-03-02</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">23. Rivera, Estrella<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">54<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Principal<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="28" month="12" st="on"><b style="">12-28-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">24. Suan, Librado<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">70<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Businessman<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="30" month="12" st="on"><b style="">12-30-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">25. Dosdos, Isabel<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">77<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Wife of Vice Mayor Dosdos<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="28" month="12" st="on"><b style="">12-28-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">26. Catedrilla, Demetrio<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">86<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">USSAFFE & Guerilla<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="17" month="2" st="on"><b style="">02-17-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">27. Suan, Tarsila<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">65<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Businesswoman<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2002" day="18" month="2" st="on"><b style="">02-18-02</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">28. Respecio, Jacinta<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">63<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Businesswoman<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2002" day="18" month="2" st="on"><b style="">02-18-02</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">29.Jaboni, Exaltacion<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">65<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Principal of SCNHS<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:date year="2001" day="28" month="12" st="on"><b style="">12-28-01</b></st1:date><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 149.4pt;" valign="top" width="249"><br /></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.65pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <br /></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.35pt;" valign="top" width="272"><br /></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.2in;" valign="top" width="144"> <br /></td> </tr> </tbody></table>Oracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1821819301288066077.post-68950053562556626892007-11-23T16:22:00.000-08:002011-04-04T13:22:27.489-07:00Recommendation<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_qYf-kBUCSCQMS5QL3ETR_0RTNVh_aDOoa4t_5XDV98F5gj4x5JY_ih8_4vUBJ1rw0T8N852qj_p_MRoyUemoHzzh5yLpU9NFuhx5ojXmz-vocoXXd2j7WmAdnfahyD1_GHnsZsiDGeY/s1600/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 256px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_qYf-kBUCSCQMS5QL3ETR_0RTNVh_aDOoa4t_5XDV98F5gj4x5JY_ih8_4vUBJ1rw0T8N852qj_p_MRoyUemoHzzh5yLpU9NFuhx5ojXmz-vocoXXd2j7WmAdnfahyD1_GHnsZsiDGeY/s320/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5591826342566845106" /></a><br /><p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;">1.Futher research is recommended on the <a href="http://www.liceodezamboanga.org/">History of Tukuran</a><span style=""> </span>as a municipality and its impact and contribution to the development of the Province of Zamboanga Del Sur.</p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>2.A study on the neighboring <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename></st1:place> and its input to the barangays is highly recommended .For this study could help in tracking the development of the province of the place.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>3.A more extensive research is highly favorable to the town for this could help future historians in understanding the history of the municipality.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>4.The local government unit of Tukuran should encourage and give incentives to any person of Authority to conduct more studies about the town. For it will boast the morale of the people regarding the historical significance of their place and consequently, encourage local and foreign tourist to visit Tukuran, thereby boasting the tourism industry of the place and the country as well.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>5.More studies not only on Tukuran but also on other municipalities of <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place> are ought to be done for this will surely substantiate the present historical findings of historians.<o:p></o:p></span></p>Oracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1821819301288066077.post-87296644412297544492007-11-23T16:21:00.001-08:002007-11-23T16:22:30.691-08:00SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION<p class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: left; line-height: 200%;" align="left"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>The town of <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Tukuran</st1:City></st1:place> is situated in the isthmus of Zamboanga peninsula of its southern part.<span style=""> </span>Its original inhabitants were Subanuns and Iranuns.<span style=""> </span>Tukuran is derived from the word <i style="">tukod</i> meaning to build or to construct. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>Tukuran before EDSA revolution has long historical background.<span style=""> </span>During Spanish period an excerpt from the Treaty of Sultan Kudarat of Maguindanao and King Philip IV of <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Spain</st1:country-region></st1:place> signed on <st1:date year="1645" day="24" month="6" st="on">June 24, 1645</st1:date> proves that the place used to be vassalage of the Sultan of Maguindanao.<span style=""> </span>Islam was the dominant religion of the land.<span style=""> </span>There was no king to rule, nor exists a single law that signifies the rights and duties of the subjects.<span style=""> </span>Each datu considers himself as the most outstanding and powerful chieftain of the place and yet he has no more loyal subjects than his relatives and slaves.<span style=""> </span>According to Thomas Forrest on 1780 Tukuran is a place where Iranuns lived in, built and repair prahus.<span style=""> </span>There were several services conducted by Spaniards in the isthmus of Tukuran because of its strategic place for Spanish stronghold and to shorten communication in the north of <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Pangil</st1:PlaceName> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> to south of Illana Bay.<span style=""> </span>On March 12, 1890 a fortified station named after the member of the royal family fort Alfonso XII locally known as fort Militar was built to stop the Moro from the slave raiding activities against the Subanu people, to Christians and to facilitate their pacification on Mindanao campaign of colonization in general.<span style=""> </span>Governor General Valeriano Weyler proposed the construction of a canal across the isthmus however the plan did not realize.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>During American period, the Moro was forced to abandon the place by the appearance of American soldiers on <st1:date year="1900" day="15" month="10" st="on">October 15, 1900</st1:date> and the place was occupied.<span style=""> </span>There was a Moro resistance on the hill of Tagulo, a sitio of Tukuran and was pacified.<span style=""> </span>In<span style=""> </span>1912, the set of the government was established in Tukuran as a military district, and a municipal district in 1918 with the population of 3,921.<span style=""> </span>Due to the piratical raids, the people transferred the set of the government to Labangan in 1921.<span style=""> </span>The resettlement program started the American colonial period.<span style=""> </span>Settlers began to arrive before and after the resettlement program of the government in some barrios and sitios of Labangan where Tukuran became a part.<span style=""> </span>As a reasult of the heavy influx of the settlers from <st1:place st="on">Luzon</st1:place> and Visayas the existing balance of the population among the indigenous Moro, Lumads and Christians underwent serious changes.<span style=""> </span>In Luy-a and Camanga, subanuns receded from their habitat and the Iranun Muslims gradually transferred to Labangan.<span style=""> </span>During the early days of resettlement, English was the <i style="">lingua franca.</i> Through the advent of the homeseekers, fiesta was celebrated in 1938 and the Patron Saint was <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Isidro</st1:City></st1:place> (Patron St. of San Carlos).<span style=""> </span>Wildlife such as wild pigs, wild deer, monkeys, and hornbill were found in the remotest newly settled places of Tukuran.<span style=""> </span>In the sea, fish was very much abundant at the depth of 1 ½ meter <i style="">tulingan,</i> a yellow finned tuna is found.<span style=""> </span>Together with these settlers were their customs and traditions.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>Before the coming of the Japanese troops in Tukuran, Moro from Kalibaw, Karumatan (<st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">municipality</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:placename st="on">Sultan Naga Dimapuro</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>) used to raid Tukuran.<span style=""> </span>With this marauding activity, the soldier attention was divided.<span style=""> </span>The beach (front and shell depot) played an<span style=""> </span>important role as a landing site of series of landing of ammunitions from <st1:country-region st="on">Australia</st1:country-region> to supply the Guerilla Movement in <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place>.<span style=""> </span>The first contact with the Americans was on<span style=""> </span><st1:date year="1943" day="5" month="3" st="on">March 5,<span style=""> </span>1943</st1:date> when the <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">US</st1:country-region></st1:place> submarine Tambor ducked in Tukuran with supplies.<span style=""> </span>On<span style=""> </span>board the submarine were Charles M. Smith and Commodore Charles Parson.<span style=""> </span>These American officers informed <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place> about the location<span style=""> </span>of Tukuran as a good<span style=""> </span>ducking<span style=""> </span>site.<span style=""> </span>In the morning of <st1:date year="1945" day="25" month="1" st="on">January 25, 1945</st1:date> at about <st1:time minute="0" hour="11" st="on">11:00</st1:time> a <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">US</st1:country-region></st1:place> sea plane Sta. Catalina landed at the beach to unload<span style=""> </span>supplies.<span style=""> </span>During<span style=""> </span>liberation<span style=""> </span>period,<span style=""> </span>American planes in<span style=""> </span>V-formation<span style=""> </span>fly<span style=""> </span>in the<span style=""> </span>sky.<span style=""> </span>Displaced Tukuranons<span style=""> </span>returned home and started to fix their abandoned home and start to<span style=""> </span>live in peace.<span style=""> </span>School<span style=""> </span>was reopened and many<span style=""> </span>of the<span style=""> </span>sons<span style=""> </span>and daughters of the Tukuranons attend the class in<span style=""> </span>higher age.<span style=""> </span>Because of the<span style=""> </span>increasing people allure by the abundance of<span style=""> </span>the Tukuran’s sea filled<span style=""> </span>with<span style=""> </span>tuna and the continuous repatriation of the displaced Tukuranons<span style=""> </span>during the war the population<span style=""> </span>had increased into<span style=""> </span>its considerable size.<span style=""> </span>Mayor<span style=""> </span>Filomino Villamero, the mayor of the town of <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Labangan</st1:City></st1:place> <span style=""> </span>considered the idea of making<span style=""> </span>Tukuran<span style=""> </span>a municipality by<span style=""> </span>virtue of Executive Order 323 signed<span style=""> </span>by his<span style=""> </span>Excellency Carlos P. Garcia on <st1:date year="1958" day="29" month="11" st="on">November 29,<span style=""> </span>1958</st1:date>.<span style=""> </span>Tukuran<span style=""> </span>became a municipality.<span style=""> </span>During<span style=""> </span>early 1960’s many<span style=""> </span>Tukuranons<span style=""> </span>had experienced the abundance of the sea.<span style=""> </span>Some of the<span style=""> </span>family<span style=""> </span>especially the <i style="">taga-baybay</i> , coastline dwellers found fortune in the fishing industry.<span style=""> </span>Curvada was the<span style=""> </span>trading<span style=""> </span>center of Tukuran<span style=""> </span>during this time.<span style=""> </span><i style="">Lab-asiros </i><span style=""> </span>(fish traders)<span style=""> </span>have usually experienced difficulty in transporting the tuna to<span style=""> </span>Curvada<span style=""> </span>due to the<span style=""> </span>sticky mud<span style=""> </span>in going to<span style=""> </span>Tukuran<span style=""> </span>proper.<span style=""> </span>This<span style=""> </span>decade was considered by Tukuranons as<span style=""> </span>the<span style=""> </span>dawn<span style=""> </span>of the fishing<span style=""> </span>industry of the town.<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>1970’s<span style=""> </span>was<span style=""> </span>characterized by military instability and natural <span style=""> </span>calamities that<span style=""> </span>affected the peoples<span style=""> </span>socio-economic activities.<span style=""> </span>The great<span style=""> </span>fire in<span style=""> </span>poblacion on<span style=""> </span>January 21, 1971 caused<span style=""> </span>two<span style=""> </span>million<span style=""> </span>pesos of the<span style=""> </span>properties<span style=""> </span>put to ashes including<span style=""> </span>140<span style=""> </span>houses and<span style=""> </span>stores<span style=""> </span>were burned.<span style=""> </span>The Barracuda-Ilaga<span style=""> </span>conflict was<span style=""> </span>triggered when the vice-mayor of<span style=""> </span>Karumatan was<span style=""> </span>assassinated by an Ilaga known<span style=""> </span>for<span style=""> </span>its<span style=""> </span>anti-muslim sentiments.<span style=""> </span>The<span style=""> </span>total<span style=""> </span>Diaspora of<span style=""> </span>the<span style=""> </span>people had taken<span style=""> </span>place after the <st1:date year="1973" day="26" month="7" st="on">July 26, 1973</st1:date> incident in<span style=""> </span>shell<span style=""> </span>depot.<span style=""> </span>The wound<span style=""> </span>that<span style=""> </span>the Barracuda – Ilaga conflict could have started to heal but on the evening of <st1:date year="1976" day="17" month="8" st="on">August 17, 1976</st1:date> tsunami hit<span style=""> </span>Illana bay.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>A series of related incidents<span style=""> </span>on PA and CPP-NPA struggles in Tukuran<span style=""> </span>during<span style=""> </span>1980’s.<span style=""> </span>This<span style=""> </span>was<span style=""> </span>because of the Marcos dictatorship,<span style=""> </span>communist movement spread in the whole archipelago in an<span style=""> </span>aim to<span style=""> </span>change to<span style=""> </span>routine<span style=""> </span>style of the<span style=""> </span>government.<span style=""> </span>In this decade most of the barangay people fled or were forced and obliged to seek refuge in concentration<span style=""> </span>camps and schools to protect them from the cross<span style=""> </span>fire of two raging forces.<span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>After EDSA revolution,<span style=""> </span>Isaias<span style=""> </span>Barrido<span style=""> </span>was<span style=""> </span>appointed as municipal mayor as part of the reorganization<span style=""> </span>program of Aquino’s government.<span style=""> </span>He was<span style=""> </span>a former forest<span style=""> </span>ranger at a Baclay<span style=""> </span>nursery,<span style=""> </span>a reforestation<span style=""> </span>project of the national<span style=""> </span>government.<span style=""> </span>The<span style=""> </span>first<span style=""> </span>challenge to his administration<span style=""> </span>occurred<span style=""> </span>on<span style=""> </span><st1:date year="1986" day="24" month="10" st="on">October 24, 1986</st1:date> due to the intense<span style=""> </span>operation<span style=""> </span>of PA<span style=""> </span>against<span style=""> </span>CPP-NPA.<span style=""> </span>A<span style=""> </span>mistarget landed in<span style=""> </span>Curvada<span style=""> </span>rice field.<span style=""> </span>Hundreds could have<span style=""> </span>been<span style=""> </span>killed if it<span style=""> </span>landed in the public market.<span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>In<span style=""> </span>1988, the<span style=""> </span>new<span style=""> </span>government of Corazon<span style=""> </span>Aquino held in the entire <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Philippines</st1:country-region></st1:place> a local<span style=""> </span>election.<span style=""> </span>Bonifacio<span style=""> </span>Vega<span style=""> </span>ran for<span style=""> </span>public<span style=""> </span>office and won the election.<span style=""> </span>He was<span style=""> </span>a very active<span style=""> </span>leader in terms of civic and<span style=""> </span>socio-economic<span style=""> </span>programs<span style=""> </span>of the<span style=""> </span>government.<span style=""> </span>During<span style=""> </span>his<span style=""> </span>first term,<span style=""> </span>its<span style=""> </span>was<span style=""> </span>characterized as the<span style=""> </span>height of CPP-NPA and PA<span style=""> </span>struggle.<span style=""> </span>In<span style=""> </span>Tagulo incident,<span style=""> </span>there were<span style=""> </span>seven<span style=""> </span>killed<span style=""> </span>in the<span style=""> </span>side of the<span style=""> </span>government.<span style=""> </span>PA<span style=""> </span>strongly<span style=""> </span>believes<span style=""> </span>that it<span style=""> </span>was done by<span style=""> </span>the<span style=""> </span>CPP-NPA.<span style=""> </span>Because of the<span style=""> </span>struggle<span style=""> </span>of two raging<span style=""> </span>forces,<span style=""> </span>his administration adopted,<span style=""> </span>through<span style=""> </span>the advice of the<span style=""> </span>military,<span style=""> </span>the policy<span style=""> </span>of hamleting as a result<span style=""> </span>farmers suffered.<span style=""> </span>The<span style=""> </span>military<span style=""> </span>had estimated 80% of the business<span style=""> </span>sectors were influenced<span style=""> </span>by the rebels.<span style=""> </span>Some<span style=""> </span>of the<span style=""> </span>suspected<span style=""> </span>members of the CPP-NPA were arrested.<span style=""> </span>The<span style=""> </span>mayor<span style=""> </span>had a<span style=""> </span>hard time<span style=""> </span>solving<span style=""> </span>the main<span style=""> </span>problem of<span style=""> </span>his<span style=""> </span>municipality.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>In<span style=""> </span>1992 election,<span style=""> </span>Vega<span style=""> </span>won<span style=""> </span>for the<span style=""> </span>second<span style=""> </span>time.<span style=""> </span>He<span style=""> </span>knew<span style=""> </span>that<span style=""> </span>he will<span style=""> </span>meet<span style=""> </span>the same<span style=""> </span>problem<span style=""> </span>in the<span style=""> </span>office.<span style=""> </span>But<span style=""> </span>dramatically<span style=""> </span>the<span style=""> </span>horror of CPP-NPA and PA struggle<span style=""> </span>slowly faded and<span style=""> </span>gone due to the implementation of various<span style=""> </span>projects both<span style=""> </span>socio-economic and<span style=""> </span>socio-cultural made the thinking of the MASA that the present administration<span style=""> </span>did not turn his<span style=""> </span>back to the oppressed<span style=""> </span>people.<span style=""> </span>In<span style=""> </span>the<span style=""> </span>1995<span style=""> </span>election was<span style=""> </span>advancing,<span style=""> </span>Vega<span style=""> </span>planned<span style=""> </span>to run<span style=""> </span>but<span style=""> </span>he had undergone operation.<span style=""> </span>Instead<span style=""> </span>he affixed his<span style=""> </span>support to<span style=""> </span>Isaias<span style=""> </span>Barrido for he<span style=""> </span>found<span style=""> </span>him<span style=""> </span>competent in running the<span style=""> </span>municipality<span style=""> </span>under the banner of Lakas-NUCD.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style=""> </span>Isaias<span style=""> </span>Barrido<span style=""> </span>won the election he was<span style=""> </span>an energetic and a dynamic leader.<span style=""> </span>Municipal<span style=""> </span>concreting<span style=""> </span>was<span style=""> </span>one of his main<span style=""> </span>program.<span style=""> </span>By the advent of<span style=""> </span>IRA<span style=""> </span>the<span style=""> </span>barangays comprising the municipality<span style=""> </span>were<span style=""> </span>provided with increased shares of the<span style=""> </span>financial resources of the<span style=""> </span>government<span style=""> </span>with<span style=""> </span>the aim of enhancing<span style=""> </span>the delivery of basic<span style=""> </span>services<span style=""> </span>to the people for the second time<span style=""> </span>he was<span style=""> </span>elected.<span style=""> </span>Livelihood<span style=""> </span>program was<span style=""> </span>his main<span style=""> </span>focus.<span style=""> </span>Because of IRA<span style=""> </span>many<span style=""> </span>projects<span style=""> </span>were<span style=""> </span>commenced<span style=""> </span>by<span style=""> </span>his administration.<span style=""> </span>He continued the construction<span style=""> </span>of<span style=""> </span>municipal streets,<span style=""> </span>hanging<span style=""> </span>bridge,<span style=""> </span>solar drier,<span style=""> </span>water reservoir, basketball courts,<span style=""> </span>and<span style=""> </span>farm to market<span style=""> </span>roads to<span style=""> </span>fasten<span style=""> </span>the<span style=""> </span>development of rural<span style=""> </span>barangays.<span style=""> </span>The<span style=""> </span>municipal<span style=""> </span>streets<span style=""> </span>and other newly constructed infrastructures under the<span style=""> </span>Barrido<span style=""> </span>administration has<span style=""> </span>changed<span style=""> </span>greatly the<span style=""> </span>profile of the municipality.<o:p></o:p></span></p>Oracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1821819301288066077.post-53834405232384355722007-11-23T16:20:00.000-08:002011-04-04T13:23:17.910-07:00Tukuran as of 2002<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwqpWGeB0pupos545jv3P9B198-6z-SYZZSEZWUa3KlZ1PiFreaH940BvnxVOWr1n9BZD0ulU7-qZr4-JYLJxg9yMHNqt8rv5LX35TkVufnuORM9L8CmPErVxW7X1DuA9wv6KPcvM9K9M/s1600/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 256px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwqpWGeB0pupos545jv3P9B198-6z-SYZZSEZWUa3KlZ1PiFreaH940BvnxVOWr1n9BZD0ulU7-qZr4-JYLJxg9yMHNqt8rv5LX35TkVufnuORM9L8CmPErVxW7X1DuA9wv6KPcvM9K9M/s320/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5591826593576933266" /></a><br /><h1 style="line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; font-weight: normal; ">The development of <a href="http://www.liceodezamboanga.org/">Tukuran</a> depends on the increasing number of population and investors.<span style=""> </span>The expected establishments of the lime quarry and cement factory will boost the town revenue.<span style=""> </span>Telecommunication lines of PLDT, SMART, and PILTEL were established.<span style=""> </span>The support of the local leaders in the development of <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Beach</st1:placetype></st1:place> – related Industry advanced the tourism industry.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5383440523238435572#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></h1> <p class="MsoSubtitle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style=""> </span>The modes of vehicular transportation were Jeep to cater Pagadian-Tukuran commuters, motor car serves as artillery in remote<span style=""> </span>part of Tukuran while <i style="">sakayan</i>, a pump boat caters for the costal inhabitants of Tagulo and Sugod.<span style=""> </span><i style="">Sikad-sikad, </i>pedaled cabs serve the needs of local commuters within poblacion.<span style=""> </span>The town remains as the center of all transportation system where the terminals were provided for motor cabs and jeeps to-and-from the destination.<span style=""> </span>There where no educational institutions offering tertiary education or vocational education.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5383440523238435572#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoSubtitle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style=""> </span>Thus, DENR reforestation project was awarded to private constructors for reforestation with funding assistance from the Asian Development Bank ADB (Today, forest resources are endangered of being completely destroyed due to <i style="">kaingin </i>method of slash and burn of the farmers and illegal tree cutting).<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5383440523238435572#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoSubtitle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style=""> </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Fishing</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Port</st1:placetype></st1:place> is located in the heart of the municipality to ensure the safety of the big time boat operator from <i style="">Bugsik</i> or being carted every time they anchor at Tukuran for discharging.<span style=""> </span>Fishing is the main livelihood of the coastal barangay.<span style=""> </span>Several fishing vessels and <i style="">bancas</i> unloaded their fish catch.<span style=""> </span>These fishing vessels usually bring along to the sea a storage boxes to prevent the spillage of fish catch.<span style=""> </span>The average annual fish unloaded in the municipality is almost 13 metric tons to be specific that is 12.88 metric tons.<span style=""> </span>These were exported to the neighboring cities and provinces.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5383440523238435572#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoSubtitle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style=""> </span>Poblacion is however the center of all commercial and industrial activity in the entire municipality.<span style=""> </span>Subsequently, relatively bigger establishment are located in poblacion were basic services of day-to-day activity of the populace.<span style=""> </span>In addition to this, <i style="">sari-sari</i> store are scattered near the institutional sites.<span style=""> </span>Local entrepreneurs in the locality have concentrated themselves in trading of manufactured goods.<span style=""> </span>Industrial establishments are also found including small scale marble mining in barangay<span style=""> </span>Baclay and Tabuan,<span style=""> </span>furniture<span style=""> </span>shops,<span style=""> </span>rice and<span style=""> </span>corn mills,<span style=""> </span>ice<span style=""> </span>plants,<span style=""> </span>food<span style=""> </span>processing<span style=""> </span>shops,<span style=""> </span>quarry<span style=""> </span>of<span style=""> </span>sand<span style=""> </span>and<span style=""> </span>gravels,<span style=""> </span>auto repair shops,<span style=""> </span>fish<span style=""> </span>fry collectors, ship<span style=""> </span>building/ship<span style=""> </span>ducking and<span style=""> </span>fishing.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5383440523238435572#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoSubtitle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style=""> </span>Today the local natural spots are <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">hot springs</st1:city></st1:place> in barangay Luy-a, historic beach resort and Tabuan cave.<span style=""> </span>Manmade spots are <st1:placetype st="on">fort</st1:placetype> <st1:placename st="on">Alfonso</st1:placename> XII locally known as <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Fort</st1:placetype> <st1:placename st="on">Militar</st1:placename></st1:place> and LGU resort.<span style=""> </span>Although these mentioned spots have potentials for tourism,<span style=""> </span>only<span style=""> </span>Beach Related Industry are<span style=""> </span>fully<span style=""> </span>developed for<span style=""> </span>tourism purposes.<i style=""><o:p></o:p></i></span></p> <div style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"> <!--[endif]--> <div style="" id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5383440523238435572#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Vega Interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5383440523238435572#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></u></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5383440523238435572#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></u></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p> </o:p></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5383440523238435572#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Barrido Interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn5"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5383440523238435572#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Municipal Profile 1998</p> </div> </div>Oracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1821819301288066077.post-39388951517841960292007-11-23T16:18:00.000-08:002011-04-04T13:24:15.752-07:00The Municipal Administrators of Tukuran and Their Achievements<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxsk-Jgnr4-XiEEJKQ8ejm6_nHZH7JbGeeTwuA9M0SnKY00K6COGTEVfANnAy7QqgRQjPop2_Y3MSqVydPdFgQ-ti0kDNruKsnJ6j8_Kim3ri-MK67kEhAFlXiWDPTywyrGSDYQuOvSTQ/s1600/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 256px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxsk-Jgnr4-XiEEJKQ8ejm6_nHZH7JbGeeTwuA9M0SnKY00K6COGTEVfANnAy7QqgRQjPop2_Y3MSqVydPdFgQ-ti0kDNruKsnJ6j8_Kim3ri-MK67kEhAFlXiWDPTywyrGSDYQuOvSTQ/s320/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5591826060758206242" /></a><br /><h1 style="text-align: justify;line-height: 200%; "><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: normal;" >Executive Order 323 signed by His Excellency Carlos P. Garcia on <!--?xml:namespace prefix = st1 /--><st1:date st="on" month="11" day="29" year="1958">November 29, 1958</st1:date>, made <a href="http://www.liceodezamboanga.org/">Tukuran</a> a municipality. Its first Mayor was Felomino Villamero who was appointed on <st1:date st="on" month="4" day="1" year="1959">April 1, 1959</st1:date>. In 1986, after the dictatorship of Marcos, Isaias Barrido was appointed as the municipal mayor of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename></st1:place>.</span></h1><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><!--?xml:namespace prefix = o /--><o:p><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:arial;">The Isaias Pama Barrido Administration (April 1986 – November 30, 1987)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">In 1986, after the Marcos dictatorship ended through people power popularly known as EDSA revolution, Secretary Aquillino Pimentel Jr. of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) ordered that all elected mayors throughout the country should be replaced as part of the Aquino governments reorganization program.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[1]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">Isaias Barrido was appointed as officer-in-charge of Tukuran and Bueno E. Cadungog as Vice-Mayor. The following were the councilors; Teodoro Facto, Omarcaisy Managantal, Fredeswindo Tibor, Leopoldo Santos, Leonides Lauron, Romeo Respicio, Eduardo Salon, and Francisco Capul as ABC President.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[2]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">The appointed mayor came from a high-esteemed family.He was a resident of Camanggahan, Curvada, Tukuran and was once a forest ranger in Baclay nursery, a reforestation project of the national government. He once lived there together with his wife and his only daughter. In 1977, an article of Pagadian Times showing Barrido as Mr. Tree of Zamboanga del Sur being the busiest man planting and nurturing tree seedlings. His sincerity as a public servant led to his appointment as OIC Mayor. This started his political career in Tukuran.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[3]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">The first challenge to his administration occurred on <st1:date st="on" month="10" day="24" year="1986">October 24, 1986</st1:date> at about <st1:time st="on" hour="13" minute="30">1:30 p.m.</st1:time> due to the intense operation of Philippine Army against the CPP-NPA in Libertad-San Antonio-Upper Tagulo hinterlands. A mistarget from the Philippine Army to artillery shells landed in Curvada rice fields. The shock scared the people residing in the Barangay. People ran for cover while the Army detachment prepared for an action only to find out later that the artillery was not intended for Tukuran. Hundreds could have been killed if it landed in the public market.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[4]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:arial;">During his term he managed to have rehabilitation project intended for the Barangay people affected by the raging forces of PA and CPP-NPA.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></p><h1 style="text-align: justify;line-height: 200%; "><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: normal;">The Designated Officials</span></h1><p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">Barrido and his appointed councilors planned to run in the 1988 election. All of the officers resigned in accordance to the law. The DILG officer Idelfonso S. Catane was designated as municipal mayor and served on <st1:date st="on" month="12" day="1" year="1987">December 1 to 15, 1987</st1:date>. After the meeting made by the council, a set of officer was appointed and who served on December 6, 1987 to February 1, 1988 were Eduardo Salon as Mayor, Nicanor Suarin as Vice-Mayor and the following were the councilors; Ramiro Nugpo, Diamare Ara, Jorge Cabal, Rufino Lerin, Elsie Tampos, and Eusebio Oliverio as ABC President. Due to the shortness of their terms there were no significant resolutions except to continue the project of the past administration.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[5]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:arial;">The Bonifacio Vega Administration (February 8, 1988 to June 30, 1992)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">In 1988, the new government of President Corazon Aquino held in the entire <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Philippines</st1:country-region></st1:place> a local election for public officials. Bonifacio Vega ran for public office. His contenders were; Isaias Barrido, Lloyd Tria, Ponciano Ponce and Dr. Antonio Jimenez. Vega won the election.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[6]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">The elected mayor had a seven-year experience of being a municipal secretary of Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur and another seven-year experience as a municipal secretary of Tukuran. He was a very active leader in terms of civic and socio-economic program of the government. During the campaign period, his primary platform was to restore the peace and order of the town. His term was characterized as the height of the CPP-NPA and PA struggle. One of his great problems was the Tagulo incident. This was an operation conducted by the military and was led by Edwin Respicio, a second lieutenant. While in operation due to the struggle of CPP-NPA, some fifty-armed men fired at them. The rebels ambushed them in the commanding grounds a strategic place held in a plateau. There were seven casualties in the side of the government including the Barangay Captain of Camanga. No casualty in the rebel sides, the PA strongly believed that it was done by the CPP-NPA.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[7]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">Because of the struggle of the two raging forces his administration adopted through the advice of the military, the policy of hamleting. This is a system wherein people living in their farms were required to live on near accessible roads or areas. Some of the Barangay people lived in concentration camps to secure the safety of their lives. All twenty-five barangays were hamleted and guarded by the Philippine Army.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[8]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">As the result, farmers suffered since sixty five percent of the population of Tukuran depended on the agriculture, it had a devastating effect on the farmers.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[9]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">In the eyes of the NPA’s hamleting was in favor to them because there were no farmers to support them in any forms of food, clothing and even shelter. The church viewed it as a human right violation. One time the Mayor received a death threat saying that, “<i>Mayor, ayaw pag-adto sa Tagulo aron walay dautang mahitabo nimu.”</i> (Mayor, don’t you go to Tagulo so that no harm will happen to you). But he and his councilors continued to do their job since they knew that they had not committed corruption against the masses. Because of the death threat and the growing strength of CPP-NPA forces his administration and with coordination of Philippine Army they conducted a seminar to sway CPP-NPA supporters and hard cores in the town to take their side. According to PA,the communists had influenced the business sector up to eighty percent. There were 1218 surrenderees in barangay Curvada, Baclay, Tinotongan, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Antonio</st1:city></st1:place>, Libertad, Militar, Sto. <st1:city st="on">Rosario</st1:city>, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Carlos</st1:city></st1:place> and Alindahaw. The municipal government appropriated 14,000 pesos for this three-day affair. ALSA-MASA was organized to support the government against the enemy by reporting the hide outs of the NPA’s.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[10]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">Some of those suspected of being member of CPP-NPA were arrested. The people feard military mean because many of their neighbors were picked up at night. Talking can cause life, many people were very careful in dealing with the issue. The mayor was often asked by the people to seek from the military about their lost relatives. As the mayor did this often, the military viewed him as a protector of the communist. He had a hard time solving the main problem of the municipality. Another incident that challenged his leadership was a rally organized by the church. Father Bida Belotindos refused to administer the last rites to three cadavers as a form of protest to the military and instead caused a funeral march and indignation rally at Thessa stage on <st1:date st="on" month="9" day="18" year="1988">September 18, 1988</st1:date>. The funeral took place but not the rally since the vice-mayor Francisco Dosdos did not issue a permit to avoid trouble between the protestors and the government side.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[11]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:arial;">The Bonifacio Vega Administration (July 1, 1992 to June 30, 1995)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">Bonifacio Vega was elected for the second time as a municipal mayor. Marcelino Rota was the vice mayor and the following were the coulcilors; Rosalio Velayo, Andam Mamasalagat, Edna Bascon, Jovie Malalis, Felix Ocampo, Teodoro Facto, Leonides Lauron, Jared Sayson, Francisco Capol as ABC president and Jossiebel Bongo-Calunsag as SK Federated President.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[12]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">Vega knew that he would meet the same problem in the office. During campaign period, his contenders were Isaias Barrido, Antonio Jimenez, Idelfonso Catane, Loloy Rota, and Lloyd Tria.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[13]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">The horror of CPP-NPA and PA struggles slowly faded and gone this was because of the implementation of the various projects both socio-economic and socio-cultura.Thisl made the thinking of the MASA a supporter of CPP-NPA people that the present administration do not turn its back to the oppressed people. At last, people could take a rest from the raging forces. The focus of his administration was changed to the development of the town with the help of the provincial and national government. Again rehabilitation programs were implemented the barangays. Their aim was to make the displaced people in the concentration camps or hamlets repatriated to their farms in order to produce agricultural products. They made an attraction policy in the forms of <i>Bayle</i> a disco, organized <i>tabuan </i>or <i>parian</i> a market day in every barangay, and disseminated proper information to the people that the conflict of the two forces was over. Gradually, people returned in their farms. In the case of Sto. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Rosario</st1:city></st1:place>, people were hesitant to return to their farms because of the CPP-NPA still controlled the barangay due to its strategic location.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[14]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">The implementation of various projects like gymnasium a part of socio-cultural infrastructure project was started by the Vega administration. Day Care Centers were put up in different barangays and the service of the DSWD was strengthened.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[15]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">Provincial port was constructed that cost seventy million, although not fully realized due to the lack of budget and funds. Concreting of some of the municipal streets had been undertaken. <i>Sikad-sikad</i> driver were much buoyant for they were the direct user of everyday routine. <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Militar</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bridge</st1:placetype></st1:place> was started and rural barangays had been developed.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[16]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">When the 1995 election was advancing, he planned to run but his physician advised him not to engage in stressful activity for he had undergone bypass operation. He had many plans for the town but his physical condition did not permit him. With the advice of his avid political friends, with the consent of the pioneering families and assent of the people he fixed his support to Isaias Barrido for he found him competent in running the municipality under the banner of Lakas-NUCD.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[17]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:arial;">The Isaias Pama Barrido Administration (July 1, 1995 to June 30, 1998)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">In the 1995 election, Barrido was under Lakas-NUCD. With the blessings of the former mayor he won the election out of Antonio Jimenez, Lloyd Tria, and Marcelino Rota as his contenders.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[18]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">He was a very energetic and dynamic leader. He looked up to all people of Tukuran as equal, no discrimination whatsoever and he gave them equal attention. Moreover, he was known for his thriftiness. A native of <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Iloilo</st1:city></st1:place>, an Ilongo for sure. He alloted budget for the maintenance of the project started by the past administration. The mayor continued to support the programs of former Mayor Vega.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[19]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">Municipal concreting was one of his main programs. The unconcreted road left by the Vega administration was finished. Almost all of the municipal streets had been concreted. People were much satisfied on the performance of the newly elected municipal mayor. Municipal streets were named after some pioneers of Tukuran.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[20]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">By the advent of IRA of Internal Revenue Allotment, the barangays comprising the municipality were provided with increase shares of financial resources of the national government to generate their own funds to fully support local developments thrust/objectives plans and programs as envisioned in the 1991 Local Government Code with the aimed of enhancing the delivery of basic services to the people.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[21]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:arial;">The Isaias Pama Barrido Administration (July 1, 1998 to June 30, 2001)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">In the 1998 election Barrido won, this was because of his good performance shown to the public. Marcelino Rota and Lloyd Tria were his contenders.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[22]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">Livelihood program was his main focus. Caber chicken from <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Israel</st1:country-region></st1:place> was distributed to the farmers with the coordination of specific government agencies to uplift the native chicken found in the municipality.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[23]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">The construction of the Malabaquid bridge found in Respicio rice fields in Camanga was undertaken to stop the main problem of Camanga farmers due to the annual flooding caused by the overflow of the creek. This devastating effect caused by the siltation had greatly affected the agricultural activity of the people for years.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[24]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">Because of IRA many projects were commenced by the Barrido administration. He continued the construction of municipal streets, hanging bridge, solar drier of the barangay’s, water reservoir, basketball courts, and farm-to-market roads to fasten the development of rural barangays.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[25]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">On July of 1998, his council passed a resolution for the limestone quarry and cement plant of the town that would bring 18 billion pesos of the municipality. The JMH International Phils. Inc. based in <st1:country-region st="on">USA</st1:country-region> would make Tukuran a first class <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Zamboanga del Sur.</st1:placename></st1:place> This investor was being protested by three NGO’s of Interfaith Forum, Parish Pastoral Council and Tukuran Muslim Jama Ah. The first two NGO’s were Catholic Church based and the last was from Islam condemning JMH for it could caused degradation to the nature and will marginalize fisher folks of the town.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[26]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">There were bombings and related incidents allegedly connected to MILF but this tension did not alter the socio-economic development of the municipality.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[27]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">People were suspicious when the unfinished fish port of the past administration was undertaken. Barrido knew very well that this port could bring advantage to the local government revenues.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[28]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">Tourism was developed. The provincial road of Panduma-San Carlos was concreted so it may enhance visitor to come the historic <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">beach</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename></st1:place>. The construction of LGU Beach Resort boosted the morale of Tukuranuns in having beautiful cottages owned by local government. Although personal problems arise in the last few months of his second term it did not destruct his good performance.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[29]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:arial;">The Isaias Pama Barrido Administration (<st1:date st="on" month="7" day="1" year="2001">July 1, 2001</st1:date> to <st1:date st="on" month="6" day="30" year="2004">June 30, 2004</st1:date>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">In 2001 election, for the third time he was elected out from his strong contenders. One of which was Bonifacio Vega Jr. the son of the man who gave blessings to him on his first candidacy as a municipal mayor. Personal problems continued and in this recent months it seemed to affect his image and rating in general to the problems that surfaced.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[30]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:arial;">In the year 2001 his 20% EDF or Economic Development Fund was utilized for the 22 various socio-economic projects to uplift the profile of the municipality. The town gained 1.8 million surpluses. This 20% EDF went to the repair and maintenance of the municipal streets, improvement of drainage system, construction of new public market, construction of new public cemetery, water system of rural areas, and sea wharf along poblacion. The development of the municipality was focused in the poblacion for the Barrido administration strongly believed that this is the show window of the municipality.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[31]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></p><span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><hr align="left" width="33%" size="1" style="text-align: justify;font-family: arial; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><!--[endif]--> </span><div id="ftn1"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[1]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> Barrido Interview</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn2"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[2]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>. </span></span></p></div><div id="ftn3"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[3]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></u></span></span></p></div><div id="ftn4"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[4]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></u></span></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></o:p></p></div><div id="ftn5"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[5]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> R. Respicio Interview</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn6"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[6]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> Vega Interview</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn7"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[7]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></u></span></span></p></div><div id="ftn8"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[8]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn9"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[9]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></o:p></p></div><div id="ftn10"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[10]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn11"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[11]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn12"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[12]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn13"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[13]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn14"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[14]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn15"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[15]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn16"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[16]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn17"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[17]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn18"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[18]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn19"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[19]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn20"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[20]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn21"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[21]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn22"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[22]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn23"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[23]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn24"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[24]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn25"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[25]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn26"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[26]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn27"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[27]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn28"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[28]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn29"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[29]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn30"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[30]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn31"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3938895151784196029#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:arial;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[31]</span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: arial; "> <u>Ibid</u>.</span></span></p></div>Oracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1821819301288066077.post-55449183830669459682007-11-23T16:17:00.000-08:002011-04-04T13:24:39.985-07:00Decade 1980’s<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD_wgNnLRU6K9LEzhDl5x2NHsiNK1PX1LUP2d1lXHYxsYfYUkzSpS1BS_14Yai6bUiHeKp8ueNw1zUVdgSGxs2THcaOGR9jZLT-lNVXiL0g00jB6U3bnZZnFHLJxnOJiwXISzKh8XyIhM/s1600/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 256px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD_wgNnLRU6K9LEzhDl5x2NHsiNK1PX1LUP2d1lXHYxsYfYUkzSpS1BS_14Yai6bUiHeKp8ueNw1zUVdgSGxs2THcaOGR9jZLT-lNVXiL0g00jB6U3bnZZnFHLJxnOJiwXISzKh8XyIhM/s320/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5591825687074773778" /></a><br /><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">A series of related incidents on PA and CCP-NPA struggled in <a href="http://www.liceodezamboanga.org/">Tukuran</a> during this era. Some people fled to escape from the tension between the two forces but others remained. Unlike the decade 70’s, were most of the town people evacuated, in the decade 80’s most of the barangay people fled or seek refuge in concentration camps and schools to protect themselves from the crossfire.<b style=""><i style=""><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">The Decade of CPP-NPA<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">On <st1:date year="1979" day="13" month="11" st="on">November 13, 1979</st1:date>, a group of armed men shot three farmers in Brgy. Navalan, Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur. PC believed that the victim belonged to the NPA’s. The motive of the killing was unknown.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <b style=""><i style=""><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">A successive hold-ups on May 20 and June 11 of 1980 along the national highway in Brgy. Baclay. Cash, jewelries, and personal belongings were robbed.<span style=""> </span>Civilians suspected that is was all done by the communist.This resulted to the death of eleven terrorists, two PA and two civilians. In effect, a peace dialogue was held in the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Aurora</st1:placename></st1:place>, Zamboanga del Sur on July 16, Wednesday to forestall further hold-ups. Mayor Antolin Ceniza of Aurora believed positive solutions like<span style=""> </span>peace talks was necessary or curtail further hold-ups for the traveling public. Moreover, during the dialogue, Father Aodh Ohalpin of Tukuran Parish church, surfaced complaints against military abuses. He was advised to identify the erring soldiers, as not all persons in uniform are government military units.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>In response to this, the municipal authorities of the town conducted intensifying information caravan to the barangay. Pacifico Cabrido, the municipal recorder said that this was the only way to counteract the bad elements in some remote places. The mayor, Prudencio Calletor was appealing to the barangay people not to believe the false rally of the new society CCP-NPA. Laperian, Manlayag, and Tabuan were places where the mayor had appealed.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">But the situation had become more intensified on <st1:date year="1980" day="21" month="9" st="on">September 21, 1980</st1:date>. A dialogue was held. Fourteen out of the twenty-seven barangays sent representatives which included woman and children. Nine hundred nineteen barangay residents ventilated their demands in the municipal hall. They arrived at the vice-mayor’s residence to ask for permit since the mayor was out of town. People were asked whom their leaders were, the crowd answered in chorus that they were all leaders. Their speaker Primitivo Rule of Brgy. Man-ilan read a manifesto and cited military abuse in the town. Maximo Lambayan of Brgy. Sto. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Rosario</st1:city></st1:place> demanded that forestall land be released on the tillers.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Another dialogue was held on Oct.3, 1980 in TCS with military and local officials. Most of the problems ventilated were land and military abuses. This was on connection with the Sept.21 demonstration. Brgy. Capt. Bonifacio Dominisac of Sto. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Rosario</st1:city></st1:place> said soldiers mounted his son. Brgy.Capt. Ambrocio Rule of Man-ilan said army personnel asked for chicken from his people. Brgy.Capt. Felipe Baltonado of Tabuan said his signature was forged in a payroll involving ghost road projects and the same was the case of Brgy.Capt. Fernando Jumamoy of Sugod. So the Vice-Governor Raymundo Jose ordered an investigation. Brgy.Capt. Macario Dias of Tinotongan was jailed for<span style=""> </span>allegedly causing a bush fire, which he denied. Brgy.Capt. Rosalio Campo did not want to be part of the newly created, Don Mariano Marcos municipality (Ramon Magsaysay) and Brgy.Capt. Leon Vidad of Baclay asked petition for the release of land occupied by his people since 1935. There were some Barangay captains who were present but did not air their problems.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>But the movement of the CPP-NPA became more stronger.<b style=""><i style=""><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Philippine Army in Tukuran conducted a search and operation. Modisto Cepeda of 30<sup>th</sup> IB, 4ID was seriously injured on <st1:date year="1980" day="6" month="7" st="on">July 6, 1980</st1:date> during a search and seizure operation in Brgy. Sto. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Rosario</st1:city></st1:place>. He was hit I the right breast with six soldiers in companion while in operation. Seven armed men in ambush position fired them and terrorists fled away. The operation was intended to “purify” the area from bad elements. The operation covers <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Pagadian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">City</st1:placetype></st1:place>, Labangan and Tukuran. It must be noted that <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Pagadian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">City</st1:placetype></st1:place> and Tukuran were sites of fire and grenade throwing and a series of ambuscades in the province.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <b style=""><i style=""><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The situation became more intenseduring<span style=""> </span>the election day of June 1982. Six NPA were killed when they ambushed a team of PA soldiers in Brgy. Laperian. Cpl. Trespices was killed on the PA side and three others were wounded. They were ambushed by about 50 men at <st1:time minute="0" hour="14" st="on">2 p.m.</st1:time> PA was responding to a call for help from Brgy. Laperian where NPAs were harassing electors and confiscating some ballot boxes. The slain NPAs were in PC-INP uniform with nameplates and serial numbers, led by Commander Skylab, Commander Rodriguez, and Commander Susing. 2<sup>nd</sup> Lt. Maradjul Karain team leader said if not of the timely reinforcement they could have been wiped out. Meanwhile, reports said that several barangay of Zamboanga del Sur were being harassed on Election Day. Several leaflets and Propaganda materials urging for the boycott of election were distributed by subversive elements.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span>The Tukuranon were very much affected by the NPA movement.<span style=""> </span>Even after the change of administration they<span style=""> </span>continued to be the problem of the appointed and elected mayor.<span style=""> </span>This mid-1980’s the CPP-NPA was on its<span style=""> </span>height<span style=""> </span>influence to the Tukuranon on the business sector,<span style=""> </span>and had affected much on the socio-cultural activities of the people.<span style=""> </span>Many public programs and even<span style=""> </span>social gatherings were<span style=""> </span>not given permit or not held because<span style=""> </span>people<span style=""> </span>were<span style=""> </span>afraid of the NPA.</p> <div style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"> <!--[endif]--> <div style="" id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Pagadian Times <st1:date month="12" day="3" year="1979" st="on">December 3-9, 1979</st1:date></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Pagadian Times July 28-<st1:date month="8" day="3" year="1980" st="on">August 03, 1980</st1:date></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Barrido interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Pagadian Times <st1:date month="10" day="6" year="1980" st="on">October 6-12 1980</st1:date></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn5"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Pagadian Times October.13-19, 1980</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn6"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Pagadian Times <st1:date month="7" day="14" year="1981" st="on">July 14-20, 1981</st1:date></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn7"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5544918383066945968#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Pagadian Times <st1:date month="7" day="14" year="1982" st="on">July 14-20, 1982</st1:date></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p> </o:p></p> </div> </div>Oracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1821819301288066077.post-22913711047942646742007-11-23T16:14:00.000-08:002011-04-04T13:25:27.225-07:00Decade 1970s<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpm0T_CEJDf-Sbs5ZhYlOfChgPmrjSt3_TVhxg_B_nDWcuXRn-px22jXUozlvgM1KSHgKO08I8UCF3J3qoErJPTD1Ko2x61Mv9QvpkPgMtt9q1dL4SYUlzwLgWVONJR08rWk8_FQxixyg/s1600/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 256px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpm0T_CEJDf-Sbs5ZhYlOfChgPmrjSt3_TVhxg_B_nDWcuXRn-px22jXUozlvgM1KSHgKO08I8UCF3J3qoErJPTD1Ko2x61Mv9QvpkPgMtt9q1dL4SYUlzwLgWVONJR08rWk8_FQxixyg/s320/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5591825475869171490" /></a><br /><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;">This decade was characterized by military instability and natural calamities that affected the people’s socio-economic activity.</p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in; line-height: 200%;" align="left"><b style=""><a href="http://www.liceodezamboanga.org/">Great Fire in Poblacion</a></b>.<b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;">On <st1:date year="1971" day="21" month="1" st="on">January 21, 1971</st1:date> at about <st1:time minute="0" hour="13" st="on">one o’clock</st1:time> after the stall keepers had taken their lunch a day on the festivity of Sr. Sto. Niño of Pagadian, a great fire brought disaster on the first year of this decade. This caused an economic breakdown of the municipality. It was estimated to cost 2 million of the properties put to ashes to include tailoring shops, merchandise, and hardwares owned by pioneering families that most of them were not able to recover the disaster brought by fire. An approximation of hundred-forty houses and stores were burned but luckily, no one was hurt. The government through DSWD aided the people. As to the account of Godofredo Romanillos:</p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2"><b style=""><i style="">It was not just the government that helped us but also the NGOs and different sectors they gave us bundles of clothes in the same color and the same size which made us laugh.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2"><b style=""><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="text-indent: 0in; line-height: 200%;">Another account of Jacinta Respicio:</p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="text-indent: 0in;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span>Our Suki (Business partner) a Chinese in Pagadian gave us help in forms of clothing and food. Cigarette products and other commercial advertisements printed on the clothing were usually given. We were not accustomed of using it but we had no choice.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </i><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="text-indent: 0in; line-height: 200%;"><b style=""><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0in; line-height: 200%;" align="left"><b style="">The Barracuda – Ilaga Conflict<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;">Originally, Commander Toothpick, a Tiruray tribal army was famous fighting against alleged Muslim terrorism and exploitation. It was this time that the term Ilaga was introduced into the vocabulary.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> “Ilaga” means “rat“ but Muslims of <st1:place st="on">North Cotabato</st1:place> called it “Ilonggo Land Grabbing Association”.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The Ilaga was a Paramilitary Organization known for its anti-Muslim sentiments. It was composed initially, as reported in media, of Ilonggo natives of <st1:place st="on">Panay</st1:place>.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="text-indent: 0in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The physical pattern of events showed the spread of conflicts, from North Cotabato to Lanao del Sur, from Cotabato to Lanao del Norte, and from Cotabato to Zamboanga del Sur.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> It should be noted that Tukuran is the first municipality from Lanao Sur in Illana Bay.It was second week of April at about two o’clock in the afternoon Al Mirasan Tampogao was shot to death in the shore of Tukuran at Sto. Niño, Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur. This Moro was the vice-mayor of Carumatan and said to be the immediate cause of the Barracuda attacks in Tukuran.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Gossip haunted the people that the Moro of Carumatan will attack Tukuran in revenge to the death of the Vice-mayor.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>The alleged assassin was an Ilaga known for its anti-Muslim sentiments<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>In May the rebels in front of the burned Municipal hall of Labangan captivated Father O’halpin, the parish priest of Tukuran, on his way back to the town, but he was released later. This related incident on rebel added the suspensions of the people that a conflict will soon come. At this time Labangan was in the hands of the Barracudas (black shirts).<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The tension<span style=""> </span>worsened when the residence of the mayor was attacked on the third week of April 1972, the day of the Molave fiesta at about <st1:time minute="30" hour="23" st="on">11:30 p.m to 1:00 a.m.</st1:time> They suspected that is was done by the Barracuda. However, others suspected that some political enemies of the mayor did it.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Finally on the second week of July a message received by the 29<sup>th</sup> IB, PA that on <st1:date year="1973" day="27" month="7" st="on">July 27,1973</st1:date><span style=""> </span>informed that<span style=""> </span>there will be an attack. According to the news,<b style=""> </b>the rebels’ aim was the total distraction of the town. This was to burn and to kill innocent people. However, the attack took place on July 26 at about early morning.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The Barracuda hostaged<span style=""> </span>one of the operators of the pump boat named Michael II. Using a machine gun they went to shell depot that was their target.<span style=""> </span>Seventy five meters from the shore, the 29<sup>th</sup> IB, PA had seen the coming rebels at Lambayong. But the rebels were able to penetrate the depot. The manager was killed that made his wife deliver the pre-mature baby on the spot at about <st1:time minute="30" hour="17" st="on">5:30</st1:time> in the morning. However, they were not able to destroy the depot because of the onslaught of the Army. Using a 3.5 bazookas and high power guns the rebels retreated having a casualty of eleven. Because the eleven slain member they took revenge by killing innocent civilians in the foxholes while they retreated going to Luy-a . Four of the members of Sauza family of Alindahaw were<span style=""> </span>killed while in foxhole. Simeon Borja was slain on the 29IB, PA.There were a total of 11rebels, IPA, and 46 civilians, all Christians, slain during the course of struggle.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The other group of the Barracudas retreated to Luy-a where they beheaded two civilians. While the other group retreated and attacked Militar and its neighboring coastal sitios and barangay at about <st1:time minute="30" hour="10" st="on">10:30 a.m.</st1:time> Rebels used silent killing by using<span style=""> </span>bolos.<span style=""> </span>In their attempt to penetrate the town they were forced to retreat to the hinterlands of Libertad because there were blockades by the 29<sup>th</sup> IB, PA at <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>. Only 3civilians were killed on the spot and another 1 in sitio Puting Balas. Some casualties were not being reported due to the tension being experienced by the people.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">On that very day, as they retreated, passing Brgy. Baclay, they ambushed the Parish Priest of Aurora, Father Paulo Kill and luckily, he<span style=""> </span>survived while on his way to <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Aurora</st1:city></st1:place>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The retreating force of Barracuda in Luy-a had moved to the neighboring barangay Sto. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Rosario</st1:city></st1:place> where they slaughter one carabao for their consumption and fed on uncooked mais. It took them a week in retreating since there were 29<sup>th</sup> I.B. P.A. blockading them in their way out to Tukuran and caused them a casualty of three while retreating. They slaughtered bodies in the foxhole accordingly the victims were members of the Molina family of Luy-a.<span style=""> </span>With all the blockades, the barracuda rebels were quite successful in their retreat going to Lanao Norte.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The total Diaspora of the people had taken place after the 26<sup>th</sup> of July incident that caused the serious depopulation of the municipality. Atty. Francisco D. Boter, the municipal registrar, in his article in Pagadian Times reported:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">Like a volcano that had erupted, Tukuran became a ghost town with only a handful of people roaming the streets with the mournful howling of scraggy dogs now and then disturbing the cemetery-like silence and solitude that pervaded the ones buzzing and taming residents. <o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0in; line-height: normal;"><b style=""><i style="">Will the ones happy and prosperous people of Tukuran resume once more their active and enterprising way of life?<span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: normal;"><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><b style="">The Tsunami of Illana<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">In 1977, the wound of the Barracuda-Ilaga conflict could have started to heal but on the evening of <st1:date year="1976" day="17" month="8" st="on">August 17,1976</st1:date> tsunami shook the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Illana</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype></st1:place>. The August earthquake struck first at 6.7 of Richter scale. People that night living in the coast heard the roaring sound of the sea, ran to save their lives going to Curvada at about <st1:time minute="30" hour="9" st="on">9:30</st1:time> in the evening.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> In Bayao, the tsunami destroyed many properties. Houses in semi-permanent type were seen in the mangroves and delta of <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Bayao</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> This time the residents were given assistance by the joint group of social action center (SAC), Kapapagaria Foundation Inc. (KFI) in form of food, clothing, and draft animal, other relief goods and building materials for their houses in coordination with the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD).<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> It’s a relief to note that only one casualty was left by the tsunami on that year. He was Pampang an old Moro police of the town.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">In 1978, right in his office, Mayor Antonio Jimenez, O.D. was arrested. An ASO or arrest on seizure order was issued against him from the national government. The remaining populace were baffled on the fate of the honorable mayor.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Fishing Industry<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The unvanishing fishing<span style=""> </span>industry of the town resumed its activity after the Ilaga-Barracuda conflict during late 70s.The accounts of Atty.Francisco Boter in his article in Pagadian Times: </p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style=""> </span><b style=""><i style="">One of the most important industries in our province is fishery.<span style=""> </span>Tukuran and Pagadian City and many of the western towns have rich fishing grounds and the fish caught in Tukuran and Pagadian City are exported to Ozamiz City, Iligan City and Cagayan de Oro City. The fish caught in the western towns, due to costly transportation, are either salted or dried and exported to neighboring provinces.<span style=""> </span>In order to bolster the fishing industry as a source of livelihood to a greater number of the inhabitants, especially the unemployed, the following are needed (1) Establish a fishery school in Tukuran to teach the people better methods of catching and processing of fish products; (2) Establish cold storage and refrigeration plants to store excess fish products and stabilize prices; (3) Establish a canning factory; and<span style=""> </span>(4) To liberalize the giving of loans to small fisherman. Tukuran is the largest fishing ground in Zamboanga del Sur.<span style=""> </span>Her sea<span style=""> </span>bounds in Tuna.<span style=""> </span>Her fame is known throughout <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place>.<span style=""> </span>But the greatest stumbling block in the full development of our fishing industry is the Muslim piracy.<span style=""> </span>In the evening when fisherman go to sea with their pump boats., the Muslim pirates by Blitzkrieg methods paunch, kill them and escape with the fisherman’s pump boats before any help could arrive.<span style=""> </span>So, many fishermen and their pump boats were lost, with the marauders unapprehended.<span style=""> </span>Only the fearless and the brave go out to sea at night to fish relying on luck or fate.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[17]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><b style=""><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The decade of 70s left three marks: first, as the years of ashes that brought destruction to Poblacion that caused severe economic breakdown of the municipality. Second, the tidal wave on <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Illana</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype></st1:place> that destroyed properties. Third, was the Ilaga-Barracuda conflict in Tukuran that brought famine and hunger to the people and the very reason of the depopulation of the municipality. The general masses, both Christian and Muslims were caught in the middle of crossfire. Many of them transferred to neighboring towns of <st1:city st="on">Aurora</st1:city>, Molave, Bonifacio, Pagadian, and even going back to <st1:place st="on">Visayan islands</st1:place> their homeland, to secure their life. Most of the Visayan people in the Poblacion took refuge in Dumaguete.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">As far as History is concerned, the third quarter of the twentieth century, was the dark years of Tukuran. Meanwhile, the New People’s Army has entered into the scene while the decade was about to close.</p> <div style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"> <!--[endif]--> <div style="" id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Tape interview with Mr.Godofredo Sandes Romanillos, 56 years old at his residence in Romanillos tailoring shop, Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur on <st1:date month="12" day="17" year="2001" st="on">December 17, 2001</st1:date> at <st1:time hour="20" minute="0" st="on">8 p.m.</st1:time> henceforth referred to use Jr. Respicio interview.</p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText">R. Romanillos Interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> G. Respicio Interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Mastura, Muslim Filipinos ,op.cit., p33</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Rodil.,<u>The Minoritization</u>.,op.cit., p335</p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p> </o:p></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn5"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.</u>p70</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn6"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.</u>p50</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn7"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> E. Rivera interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn8"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Ponce</st1:city></st1:place> interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn9"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Tape interview with Mr.Rufino B. Respicio Jr, 52 years old at his residence in Respicio Rice and Corn Mill, Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur on <st1:date month="12" day="17" year="2001" st="on">December 17, 2001</st1:date> at <st1:time hour="20" minute="0" st="on">8 p.m.</st1:time> henceforth referred to use Jr. Respicio interview.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn10"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style=""><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> E. Rivera interview<span style=""> </span></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn11"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Jr. Respicio interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn12"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Pvt.Lit. Marcelino Rivera ballistic report of 29thIB,PA.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn13"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></u></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn14"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Alfredo Boncales interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn15"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Thessa Boncales interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn16"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A profile of Brgy. <st1:place st="on">Lower Bayao</st1:place>, Tukuran Zamboanga del Sur.p.8.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn17"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=2291371104794264674#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Pagadian Times.May 23,1977</p> </div> </div>Oracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1821819301288066077.post-32268250822554351252007-11-23T16:13:00.000-08:002011-04-04T13:25:47.509-07:00Decade 1960s<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCvOHBxIbtiTGYvldWmlXiUG2Svbsedh87tHrdhyphenhyphenKLQMCEZ3cZaERzMEsS2aWUw7VoV1yDEyKzfVO4nJETZq2KaCWvtWzXuiwgafjO6czy6_RHwasO-W8CL9fBti0jd0e2EatRHabSStg/s1600/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 256px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCvOHBxIbtiTGYvldWmlXiUG2Svbsedh87tHrdhyphenhyphenKLQMCEZ3cZaERzMEsS2aWUw7VoV1yDEyKzfVO4nJETZq2KaCWvtWzXuiwgafjO6czy6_RHwasO-W8CL9fBti0jd0e2EatRHabSStg/s320/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5591825307527469714" /></a><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Many <a href="http://www.liceodezamboanga.org/">Tukuranons</a> had enjoyed the abundance of the sea.<span style=""> </span>Some of them found fortune in fish trading in neighboring towns and provinces.<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The center of the trading is in Curvada (the present PNP visibility post).<span style=""> </span>Cans from the shore to Curvada were manually handled and which contained fresh fish.<span style=""> </span>The trading activity was very progressive.<span style=""> </span>There was Chinese -Filipinos who once lived there but vanished later due to their superstitious beliefs that the town was not favorable for business.<span style=""> </span><i style="">Lab-aseros,</i> fish traders, had usually experienced a difficulty in transporting the tuna to Curvada due to its sticky muddy road going to the trading center.<span style=""> </span><i style="">Lupoy,</i> an ordinary fish during this time were visible at Canawa creek during high tide, and even crabs and other seashore creatures were of abundance.<span style=""> </span>Trucks from <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Aurora</st1:city></st1:place> stayed only at Curvada because of the poor road condition.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">The Dawn of Fishing Industry</b> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">This decade was characterized by peace and prosperity unlike the preceding decade that was characterized by military instability and natural calamities. As to the account of Atty. Francisco D. Boter, the election registrar of the municipality, on his article on Pagadian times:<b style=""><i style=""> <o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2"><b style=""><i style="">At that time, the annual income was about 45,000 with Mayor Calletor. It was a buzzing and booming town with so much promise of prosperity ahead – being the greatest fishing ground of the whole province. <o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">The street and the market place were teeming with fish vendors and vendees coming from <st1:placename st="on">Pagadian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">City</st1:placetype>, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Aurora</st1:city></st1:place> and Molave. Trucks were heavily loaded with fish bound for Ozamiz, Iligan, and Cagayan de Oro City.<o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">The Muslims and Christians freely trade with one another with so many things in common to live peacefully in common pursuit of farming and taking advantage of the abundance of the fish she could offer. <o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2"><b style=""><i style="">I say to my self then that in not too distant future, the people of Tukuran would make up to find her favorite place in the sun.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3226825082255435125#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </i><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></b></p> <div style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"> <!--[endif]--> <div style="" id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=3226825082255435125#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Francisco D. Boter, Atty.,<u> </u>Pagadian Times 1977,</p> </div> </div>Oracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1821819301288066077.post-15305138816027256472007-11-23T16:11:00.000-08:002011-04-04T13:26:20.829-07:00JAPANESE PERIOD<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWulx-bwdacWTT0HeQXkSF8wk-FzNjfDGJSyL4_ZMTnjvSqcFq3eF51kHEKh1IJAdELOR6FxK597l_73HQDqb8l_eJTy4RfjqXcTE_sEXb6EfU-1uv8kp7a3oH88-L7ne0PXRQekMe7BY/s1600/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 256px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWulx-bwdacWTT0HeQXkSF8wk-FzNjfDGJSyL4_ZMTnjvSqcFq3eF51kHEKh1IJAdELOR6FxK597l_73HQDqb8l_eJTy4RfjqXcTE_sEXb6EfU-1uv8kp7a3oH88-L7ne0PXRQekMe7BY/s320/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5591824994219314626" /></a><br /><h2 style="line-height: 200%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" >The entire enemy situation in Mindanao, southernmost of the principal island in the <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Philippines</st1:country-region></st1:place>, was altogether different from that elsewhere in the archipelago. Mindanao had always been looked on as the backdoor of the island in the event that the military forces on <st1:place st="on">Luzon</st1:place> were ever forced to capitulate. It served this backdoor rule, thanks to the guerillas, very successfully.</span><sup><o:p></o:p></sup></h2> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://www.liceodezamboanga.org/">Banditry before Occupation</a><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Before the coming of the Japanese troops in Tukuran, Moro from Kalibaw, Karomatan (<st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Sultan Naga Dimaporo</st1:placename></st1:place>) used to raid Tukuran. Able-bodied men in the community made a foxhole within the premises of Tukuran Primary School (TCES) to defend Tukuran from the enemy.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Muslims and even Christian bandits always landed the place. They looted and killed civilians after they got the things they desire. They continued to be the enemy of the people even when the Japanese came.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> It must be noted that Tukuran was part of jurisdiction of the Pagadian Guerilla. People were forced to evacuate the place because the Moro from Lanao took advantage of the condition. They took away the properties of the people living in the place. Many lives and properties were lost in the course of struggle. All the things, which the Moros did not bring, were burnt. Some Christians were caught captives in their attempt to get their belongings at night.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The bandits had been a problem of the soldiers. With this marauding activity, the soldier’s attention was divided.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;">Series of Submarine Landing<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The first contact with the American officers was on <st1:date year="1943" day="5" month="3" st="on">March 5, 1943</st1:date> when the U.S. Submarine Tambor docked in Tukuran Zamboanga with supplies. <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Primary School</st1:placetype></st1:place> served as a headquarters. The supplies were arms and ammunitions, intelligent aids, radio technicians, equipment and psychological warfare materials. On board the submarine were Charles M. Smith and Commodore Charles Parson. The American officer informed <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place> about the location of Tukuran as a good docking site.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">News from Danlugan part of Pagadian stated the coming of a submarine, at about ten in the morning, the telescope of the submarine was visible but the whole part was still underwater.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> According to Catedrilla:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">We were almost 2000, including the Officers, Bolo Battalion and voluntary workers the submarine appeared and its sides slowly opened. Officers and voluntary workers boarded a sakayan a hand-powered boat to carry the ammunition from the submarine to the shore. The submarine itself had also booty that served as an artery. People hauled night and day. We happened to unlock a box of ammunition and it surprised us that it did not only contain warfare but also of foods, clothing and personal hygiene. All successive docking contain similar things. <a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;">Many of the ammunitions were spilled on the water because Americans carelessly turned over the box of ammunition that a Filipino can hardly carry while discharging ammunitions to the shore.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span>Teachers from <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Primary School</st1:placetype></st1:place> evacuated the books because the rooms will be used as headquarters and storage house. People from different places like Aurora, Ozamiz, Molave, Kapatagan and other neighboring places gathered to haul the ammunition. Firearms like Thompson, Garan, Automatic rifles, machine guns, and caliber 45 pistols; foods like biscuits, candies, and chocolate bars; cigarettes like Sister field, Camel, and Lucky Strike; canned goods like corned beef and Target; and clothing like t-shirts, rain coats, fatigue pants and shirt, all imported from U.S.A. where among the supplies.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;">These ammunitions were in the box that had an approximation of one-meter length, 60-cm. widths, and 80-cm. heights. It took a month to haul and distribute the ammunitions.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Ammunitions from the Lambayong now barangay Panduma was transported to <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Primary School</st1:placetype></st1:place> where it was unloaded and deposited. There were so many of these that the school building gave up.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>At <st1:time minute="30" hour="17" st="on">5:30 p.m</st1:time> of <st1:date year="1944" day="1" month="6" st="on">June 1,1944</st1:date> a <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> submarine <i style="">Nonford</i> surfaced and unloaded supplies in Tukuran. Arms and ammunitions, machine guns, mortars, medicines, orange t-shirts, carbine in box of about 20 pieces, bullets in box that took four person to carry, revolvers that were packed in wire and barrels of fuel were unloaded. All soldiers were required to help in hauling of supplies including those of the Bolo Battalion. The trails they were going to pass were heavily guarded to prevent the soldiers from escaping the laborious tracks. Sometimes personal necessity was not considered as an excuse because the officials were afraid that one would run away. They were grouped into three to five persons. Many got sick of the said hauling due to lack of food, rest and exhaustion.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> According to Napoleon Cabrales:</p> <p class="MsoBodyText"><i style=""><span style=""> </span>Those ammunitions that were not distributed were hidden in the rice paddies (Curvada rice field and Sitio Guay) specially the barrels of oil to prevent them from enemies eye. Most of the clothing were oversized some of the volunteers and officers looted the box. They had no compensation at all. Nevertheless, the boxes were so numerous that these looted boxes cannot be detected.<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoBodyText"><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Later ammunition was distributed to two depots. Depot 1 is in the house of Tornito in Camanga while depot 2 is in the house of Reyes of Luy-a. The reason behind this is to hasten the distribution and to protect the supply from the Japanese.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Another submarine <i style="">Notorious</i> landed on <st1:date year="1944" day="5" month="6" st="on">June 5, 1944</st1:date> four days after Nonford landed. They again unloaded supplies. Hauling took only a short time because there was news that the Japanese were already in Tubod, Pagadian,<span style=""> </span>Zamboanga del Sur. Everybody become restless. Officers and soldiers fled to their respective companies and returned to their positions.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>On <st1:date year="1944" day="12" month="7" st="on">July 12,1944</st1:date> at about <st1:time minute="30" hour="5" st="on">5:30 a.m.</st1:time> Tukuran was occupied by the Japanese without resistance from the soldiers. They were surprised by the sudden attack. Many almost lost their lives in their attempt to escape.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> As to the accounts of Ponciano Navales:</p> <p class="MsoBodyText"><i style=""><span style=""> </span>When the Japanese on <st1:date year="1944" day="12" month="7" st="on">July 12, 1944</st1:date> attacked Tukuran, people were very surprised. Pvt. De La Cerna and I were in the post at Curvada crossing as radio operators. Shots coming from the plane hit the checkpoint in which we staff. There we jumped to the tuna-an a muddy pool to save our lives. <o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoBodyText"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">In Military people had already evacuated when the invaders came. The Japanese put their houses to ashes. As the guerilla retreated from the headquarter-school civilians were informed to evacuate, those people in the sitios managed to escape. However, civilians in further sitios were not informed and were very much surprised. They ran with their crumpled mats, ‘caban’ a wooden box filled with clothing, uncooked rice supposedly<i style=""> </i>intended for the morning meal, bayong, a basket with foods and any other thing that they could possibly take.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The mountains of Camanga were served as refuge to the civilians. The forests gave a welcome to the tired people for safety and peace. In addition, arms and ammunitions were brought hidden. People used to cook without salt because no one dared to make salt processing in the beach. The Ilocano in Tukuran fled to <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Isidro</st1:city></st1:place>, a part of Pulacan, an Ilocano community. Some did not manage to bring rice for consumption. Farmers could sell the rice products outside because of the war.<span style=""> </span>The evacuees passed on man-made trails that served as a hindrance to bring more food supply. They tried their best not to spend money because of the crisis condition.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The Japanese stayed in the plains not in swampy areas for they had a hard time in walking in the mud due to their bell legged legs.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;">Liberation Period<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">In the morning of <st1:date year="1945" day="25" month="1" st="on">January 25, 1945</st1:date>, at about <st1:time minute="0" hour="11" st="on">11 o’clock</st1:time>, a <st1:country-region st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region> plane, <st1:place st="on">Santa Catalina</st1:place>, landed at Tukuran beach and unloaded supplies for the movement. On the same day, officers were sent to Pagadian to check the beach defense to ensure the security of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> boats. The wife of officer Benedicto was an American and was among who met and welcomed the Americans boarding the Sta. Catalina plane a sea plain.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> American planes, in V-formation were seen in the sky on liberation time.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Tukuranons were very happy seeing the planes flying in the<span style=""> </span>sky.<span style=""> </span>In<span style=""> </span>gradual the<span style=""> </span>displaced<span style=""> </span>people<span style=""> </span>returned to the place .<span style=""> </span>They<span style=""> </span>started<span style=""> </span>to<span style=""> </span>fix the abandoned<span style=""> </span>houses and began to live in peace.<span style=""> </span>The destructed school building was constructed by the people in preparation of the school<span style=""> </span>opening.<span style=""> </span>Many<span style=""> </span>of the Tukuranon<span style=""> </span>sons and daughters enrolled in the<span style=""> </span>higher age.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;">Deacade 1950s<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Teniente del Barrio Alfonso Lahaylahay resumed his office after the war.<span style=""> </span>In<span style=""> </span>early 1950’s,<span style=""> </span>Felomino Villamero became teniente del Barrio of Tukuran.<span style=""> </span>Villamero, a resident of Tukuran became a mayor in<span style=""> </span>Labangan<span style=""> </span>after the death of Mayor Zulieta.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Because of increasing people allured by the abundance of Tukuran seas, and the repatriation of the displaced Tukuranons<span style=""> </span>during the war, the<span style=""> </span>population increased into<span style=""> </span>its considerable size.<span style=""> </span>Mayor<span style=""> </span>Villamero<span style=""> </span>of the town of <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Labangan</st1:city></st1:place> thought of making Tukuran pondered that Tukuran should become a municipality since it had the desired population size for a municipality and in order to avail the benefits given by the government to the municipality. Villamero and Felix Ocampo went to Malacanang to have the papers,<span style=""> </span>as sponsored by the<span style=""> </span>provincial board by the Resolution 968, signed by the President. <a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;">Creation of the Municipality<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;">A special session of Zamboanga del Sur, held at Pagadian on <st1:date year="1958" day="2" month="10" st="on">October 2, 1958</st1:date> was held<span style=""> </span>with the presence of Hon. Bienvinedo A. Ebarle- the provincial governor, Hon. Agustin S. Fausto-the provincial board member and Hon. Leonardo N. Zulueta- the provincial board member making the Resolution no. 968 recommending Tukuran into a regular municipality. The resolution no.968 was quoted by the researchers:</p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2"><i style=""><span style=""> </span>The clamor of the inhabitants of Barangay and Sitios of Tukuran later became (Brgy. Sto. Nino on the east and San Carlos on the west), Militar (present Brgy. plus Sitio Bomba), Tagulo (present coastal Brgy. Tagulo), Sugod (present coastal Brgy. Sugod), Labuyo, Pictoran, Pilas (part of Brgy. Curvada), Buay (part of Curvada), Bayao Eastern (present Brgy. Upper Bayao and <st1:place st="on">Lower Bayao</st1:place>), San Vicente (part of Brgy. Camanga on the former point of San Vicente Chapel and known to have a miraculous icon of San Vicente), Liason, <st1:place st="on">Lower Laperian</st1:place> (Brgy. Laperian), Libertad (Brgy. Libertad) Nueva Asturias, Sanora (part of Brgy. Baclay), Buenasuerte (Brgy. Buenasuerte), Baroy, Limasan, Patang, Upper Dipalutaw (Peak of <st1:placetype st="on">Mt.</st1:placetype> <st1:placename st="on">Dipalutaw</st1:placename>), <st1:place st="on">Lower Dipalutaw</st1:place>, Sili, Luakan (Brgy.Buenasuerte), Camanga (Brgy. Camanga), Tabuan (Brgy. Tabuan), Tuna, Tinotongan (Brgy. Tinotongan), Baclay (Brgy. Baclay), Lantongan (Brgy. Lantongan, Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur), Man-ilan (Brgy. Man-ilan), Manlayag (Brgy. Manlayag minus Sitio Bag-ong Talamban) Talamban (part of Brgy. Mandayag), Bag-ong Talamban, Balimbingan (Brgy. Balimbingan, Sto. Rosario (Brgy. Sto. Rosario), Lantawan and Kabuntungan</i><i style="">, Municipality of Labangan, Province of Zamboanga del Sur, to convert and create the barrio of Tukuran composed of the mentioned barrios and sitios into and independent municipality to be named “Municipality of Tukuran”, in order to afford these places the benefits of good roads and other public improvements which would enhance the economic and rural development of the area.<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">The board strongly recommend to his Excellency, Pres. Carlos P. Garcia that the barrios and sitios herein above mentioned be constituted and created into a separate and independent municipality with the set of government at Tukuran and confirmed by Benjamin F. Arao as provincial secretary in Malacañang this resolution number 968.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">One month and twenty-eight days later upon the recommendation of the provincial board of Zamboanga del Sur. The barrios of Tukuran, Luy-a, Tinotongan, and Tagolo and their respective sitios part of <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Labangan</st1:placename></st1:place> were segregated from the said municipality and organized into an independent municipality on <st1:date year="1958" day="29" month="11" st="on">Nov. 29, 1958</st1:date>.<span style=""> </span>The paper was prepared by Juan C. Pajo the executive secretary, and have it signed under the executive order 323 by his Excellency, Carlos P. Garcia.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">According to the text, the municipality will only begin to exist upon the appointment and qualification of the officers and having the financial capability in implementing minimum wage law. The newborn municipality begins to exist on <st1:date year="1959" day="1" month="4" st="on">April 1, 1959</st1:date> four months and one day after Honorable Felomino C. Villamero as first municipal mayor and Hon. Mamadra Pandoma as vice-mayor were appointed. The following appointed councilors Hon. Alfonso Lahaylahay, Felix Ocampo, Ponciano Calletor, Antonio Hortillano, Hon. Quinten Cabrales and Cosme Silao.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <h1 style="line-height: 200%; font-weight: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></h1> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">There were movements to change the newly created municipality to <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Fernando</st1:city></st1:place>, the town where the first mayor came from but he retained the name Tukuran.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> This was because he found a presidio (Spanish priest residence in Tinago) bearing the name “Presidio Tukuran” but this site is not visible at present because the very site became a residential place.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <div style="font-weight: bold;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"> <!--[endif]--> <div style="" id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> N. Cabrales Interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Even Gaid, Geneveve Lagare and Sonny Rey Quijano. History of Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur 1982-</p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>1996 p50</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Labangan Teachers.<u>op.cit</u>.,p.19.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid. </u>p40</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn5"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Catedrilla interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn6"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></u></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn7"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A Tape Interview with Mayor C. Villamero, 87 yrs. Old at his residence in Sitio Sipaway, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Carlos</st1:city></st1:place><span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur. On <st1:date month="5" day="21" year="2001" st="on">May 21, 2001</st1:date> at <st1:time hour="10" minute="55" st="on">10:55 a.m.</st1:time> henceforth referred to as Villamero<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Interview.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn8"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Navales Interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn9"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> N. Cabrales Interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn10"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Labangan Teachers<u>.op.cit</u><span style=""> </span>p75</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn11"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> N. Cabrales Interview </p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn12"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn13"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Even Gaid, <u>et.al.,op.cit</u>.,p.40</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn14"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></u></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn15"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> R. Respicio interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn16"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A Tape Interview with Mr. Crispin Calpo Sagun, 84 yrs. Old at his residence in , <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Carlos</st1:city></st1:place><span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur. On <st1:date month="5" day="22" year="2001" st="on">May 22, 2001</st1:date> at <st1:time hour="11" minute="15" st="on">11:15 a.m.</st1:time> henceforth referred to as Sagun<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Interview.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn17"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> G. Cabredo Interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn18"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A Tape Interview with Mr. Demetrio Catedrilla, 86 yrs. Old at his residence in, Curvada, Tukuran,<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Zamboanga del Sur. On <st1:date month="5" day="22" year="2001" st="on">May 22, 2001</st1:date> at <st1:time hour="11" minute="15" st="on">11:15 a.m.</st1:time> henceforth referred to as Catedrilla Interview.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn19"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Guerilla Movement, Pagadian, 1942-1945.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn20"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>G. Cabredo Interview </p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn21"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Catedrilla Interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn22"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Villamero interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn23"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Resolution 968</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn24"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Villamero interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn25"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Municipal Souvenir ,op.cit.,p.10.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn26"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>. p11</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn27"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1530513881602725647#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Villamiro interview</p> </div> </div>Oracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1821819301288066077.post-64169509862464465642007-11-23T16:10:00.000-08:002011-04-04T13:26:47.053-07:00AMERICAN PERIOD<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisE_-bLooSY0ROzZTAosExZ5OfQMCLWa708-Se31idPML_qkjVFo2QnYb5fkY8gFDEH_cTQlzuGgbdOSPXBHmpTqQPHcKLNVEPisvqNX_d51fFuogUc0eIGKpIuhxcf7I8KszULTyoeB8/s1600/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 256px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisE_-bLooSY0ROzZTAosExZ5OfQMCLWa708-Se31idPML_qkjVFo2QnYb5fkY8gFDEH_cTQlzuGgbdOSPXBHmpTqQPHcKLNVEPisvqNX_d51fFuogUc0eIGKpIuhxcf7I8KszULTyoeB8/s320/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5591824606212480290" /></a><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The population of the country was placed in two labels: “Civilized” and “Wild” or “Christians” and “non-Christians”. Mr. Dean Worcester, member of the Philippine Commission, said that they could not be called Pagans because some of them were Mohammedans, while others seem to have no form of religious worship. They could not be called wild, for some of them are quite as gentle, and as highly civilized, as their Christian neighbors. Their refusal to accept Christian faith and their adherence to their ancient religion was the reason why Mr. Dean Worcester employ the term non-Christians.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The Philippine commission created the Bureau of non-Christian tribes under the Department of Interior headed by Worcester himself. Two years later it was changed to Ethnological Survey for Philippine Island.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A Philippine bill passed by U.S. Congress on <st1:date year="1902" day="1" month="7" st="on">July 1, 1902</st1:date> recognized the distinction between Moro, Pagans, and Christians. Commission no. 787 called “An act providing for an organization and Government of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Moro</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Province</st1:placetype></st1:place>.” It was passed on <st1:date year="1903" day="1" month="6" st="on">June 1, 1903</st1:date> to take effect on July 15 of the same year.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>On this duration from <st1:date year="1903" day="29" month="10" st="on">October 29,1903</st1:date> to <st1:date year="1904" day="11" month="2" st="on">February 11, 1904</st1:date> the legislative council approved acts organizing municipalities. Major John P. Finley, of 28<sup>th</sup> Infantry of U.S. Army was appointed as District Governor of Zamboanga.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <h1 style="line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://www.liceodezamboanga.org/">American occupation in Tukuran</a></h1> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">When the Spanish military occupation of the Tukuran-Lintugop-Misamis trocha ceased, in 1898, by the withdrawal of the troops of <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Spain</st1:country-region></st1:place>, in accordance with the term of Treaty of Paris, the Mosabai Moros (Moro from Lanao) fell again into control and resume their depredation against the Subanons in Zamboanga District and against the Filipino and Subanons in the Misamis District. These raids involved the distruction of life and property and the carrying of people into bondage. A Moro village was reopened at Tukuran on each side of the river; and the military buildings (Casa Real), together with a Moro Kota (fort) on the west side of the river were occupied by the moros until they were forced to abandon the situation by the appearance of American troops no October 15,1900.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Militar was then called “military reservation.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">A telegraphic communication was then established in the north coast of Misamis in time to connect with the <st1:place st="on">Manila</st1:place> cable on <st1:date year="1901" day="1" month="1" st="on">January 1,1901</st1:date>.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>After American occupation, Tukuran (Tucuran by the Americans) was garrisoned by <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> troops. This telegraphic connection by cable was established with Zamboanga and Jolo to the south and west and with Misamis and <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Manila</st1:city></st1:place> to the north. Troops occupied<span style=""> </span>fort Alfonzo XII<span style=""> </span>and the Military trocha was maintained in good condition until the latter part of 1902.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The captured Moros and Subanons were used for the maintenance of the fort.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <h1 style="line-height: 200%;">Moro Resistance and Piratical raids</h1> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">There were a wide spread of resistance against the American presence during the first fifteen year of American rule in <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place>.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>There was a Moro resistance in the hills of Tagulo. A canon seized from the Spaniards in Militar, was positioned in the hills. The Moro guarded the hill closely. Americans attacked the place and it took them several days to fight. Attackers had a hard time to pacify the Moro, so the well of the foot of the hill was guarded to cut the water supply .For several days the Moro became weak and thirsty. The leaders surrendered to the Americans and were treated kindly.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>The account of the Tukuran teachers runs as follows;</p> <p class="MsoBlockText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style=""> </span>During American period a Moro Datu name Benito is known to have an anting anting (amulet) .The Datu lived near Tukuran beach, he led the lawless Moro to attack the Americans in Militar. Benito was one of the high-ranking Datu among the Moro. When requested by the Americans to capture his lawless Moro follower, Datu Benito refused. He instead fled to the mountains but was latter captured by the Americans and was executed…</span></i></b><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><i style=""><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[12]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></i></b></span></a><b style=""><i style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBlockText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">When regular troops were removed again the whole trocha was left to the control of the Mosabai Moro, under the leadership of Datu Maminton (Mamintong)<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>. The cota of the Moro that was one of the biggest was built right of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place> (near Militar).<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The Moro took advantage of this absence of troops to resume their raids upon the Subanons and made it necessary to reestablish the garrison at Tukuran in January 1903, and to cause the trocha to be patrolled again from Tukuran to Misamis.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The Tukuran teachers in their account stated:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span>Dato Guilingan a kalibugan in the hinterlands of Labangan became a casualty of the Moro marauder activity<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[16]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The Moro were defeated by the Philippine troops and the Philippine Constabulary men took over. They were succeeded in 1908 by the Philippine scouts.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename> <st1:placename st="on">Agricultural</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">School</st1:placetype> was built along <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>. <a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> It was Mr.Zablan who was the first Teacher.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>In 1900, Moro areas have 25 schools and more than 2,000 attending pupils on its first year. Three years later 52 schools were opened with a total population of 2,114 comprising 1,764 Christians 240 Moro, and 110 pagan Bagobos.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> This showed how intensive was the Americans in their campaign for the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Island</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Mindanao</st1:placename></st1:place>. This was one tool of pacifying the Non-Christian tribe especially Moro.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Tukuran as a Political Unit:<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">On this duration <st1:date year="1903" day="29" month="10" st="on">October 29, 1903</st1:date> to <st1:date year="1904" day="11" month="2" st="on">February 11, 1904</st1:date>,the legislative council approved acts organizing municipalities. Major John P. Finley of 28<sup>th</sup> Infantry of U.S. Army was appointed as district governor of Zamboanga.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The Philippine Commission enacted a special law .For general application among non-Christians. For the Moro, it passed Act no.39 providing the division of non-Christian Tribes into tribal wards.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>These special structures, usually politico military in characteristic, were generally designed to be a transition stage in the amalgamation of the non-Christian into their assimilation with the seven million Christian Filipinos.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Tribal ward was established in Tukuran. Below is evidence, an excerpt from annual report of the Philippine Commission:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">List of Tribal Wards and Their Leaders in <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Moro</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Province</st1:placetype></st1:place>, 1906<o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <h6><b style="">Town<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Tribe<span style=""> </span>Leader/Name of Leader<o:p></o:p></b></h6> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span>Zamboanga<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Tukuran <span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Illanos<span style=""> </span>Datto Guimba<o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Tukuran<span style=""> </span>Illanos<span style=""> </span>Datto Guimba <o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoHeading8" style="line-height: normal;"><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Labangan<span style=""> </span>Illanos<span style=""> </span>DattoBagu</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span>(Balanyug)Balanug<span style=""> </span>Illanos<span style=""> </span>Datto Luminculub<o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Tawagan<span style=""> </span>Illanos<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Datto Salicula<o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoHeading8" style="line-height: normal;"><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Pagadian<span style=""> </span>Illanos<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Datto Salacub </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><i style="">(Maasim)<span style=""> </span>Masum<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Illanos<span style=""> </span>Timua<span style=""> </span>Sunimpun</i></b> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><i style="">(Maragang)</i></b> <b style=""><i style="">Madagang<span style=""> </span>Illanos<span style=""> </span>Timuay Sunimpun<o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span></i></b><span style=""> </span>In 1912, the set of the government was established in Tukuran as a military district under a military president who was supervised by the American military official. Filez Ocampo was the first Military district president<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> for six consecutive years from 1912 to1918. <a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Tukuran later became a Municipal district; in the 1918 census the municipal district of Tukuran has a population of 3, 921. A municipal district was a political unit, which was less populated and developed than a regular municipality.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>The size of the municipal district was from Tiaman now part of Misamis Occidental until Dimataling and was bigger than the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">province</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">La</st1:placename></st1:place> union.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Due to the piratical raids of the Mosabai (Moro from Lanao), the people transferred the seat of government to Labangan 1921, although it was on July of 1927 executive order no.70 that made Labangan as Municipal district. There were no hostile Moro.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> This made Tukuran (former military and Municipal distinct) a barrio of the Municipal district of Labangan. In 1939 Pagadian became a municipality out from Poblacion Pagadian, Municipal district of Labangan and Municipal district of Dinas as they were fused,<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> making Labangan and Tukuran among of the 19 barangay of Pagadian. <a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>And making Pagadian as one of the Municipalities of once undivided <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Province</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Zamboanga</st1:placename></st1:place>.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">When the American occupation left Tukuran, Mosabai Moro resumed their depredation to the people. Subanons then transferred gradually to Labangan because of the raids and presence of Visayans settlers<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <h1 style="line-height: 200%;">Two Governing Bodies: 1901-1910</h1> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Christians form a governing body out of the existing powers of the Mohammedan. There existed two governing bodies in Tukuran. Feliz Ocampo for the Christians while Dato Mamaclay (Mamaclay Ontong) for the Mohammedan. They settle disputes among their tribe, and marriages were solemnized before them. There were mutual understandings between the two tribes. The two leaders made vow to unite against the Mosabai piratical raids. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">After the death of the two leaders, their respective tribe succeeded them. It was tinente Salon (Pedro) for the Christians and Datu Gundo for Iranun. Several Datu and Bario tenenti contributed in the progress of Tukuran. </p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <h1 style="line-height: 200%;">Resettlement Program of the Government</h1> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;">The resettlement program started during the American Colonial period. Severe drought in Sulu and Zamboanga and grasshopper infestation in <st1:city st="on">Davao</st1:city> in 1911-1912 adversely affected rice supply in the Moro province and this give General John Pershing, who was then the governor of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Moro</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Province</st1:placetype></st1:place>, the excuse to call for the importation of homesteaders from the overpopulated Philippine areas. The year 1913 saw the passage by the Philippine Commission of Act no. 2254 creating agricultural colonies aim to produce rice at <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Cotabato</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Valley</st1:placetype></st1:place>. Unable to further finance the opening of Moro colonies, the <st1:place st="on">Manila</st1:place> government passed an Act 2206 in 1919, which authorized Provincial Board to manage colonies themselves under<span style=""> </span>their expense.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">No significant government settlements were organized until 1935. Settlers nevertheless migrated either on their own or through the Interisland and Migration Division of the Bureau of Labor. There were settlement areas like <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Cotabato</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Valley</st1:placetype></st1:place>, Lamitan in Basilan, Momungan in Lanao and Labangan in Zamboanga.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The barrio of Tukuran and other Sitios was a part of Labangan. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Arrivals of Settlers<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;">Settlers began to arrive before and after settlement program of the government in some barrios and sitios of Labangan. The following barrios of Tabuan,Tukuran,Luy-a,Tinotungan and Tagulo and their respective sitios became a part of Tukuran as it became a Municipality in 1958. However, before the resettlement program of the government there were people who populated Tukuran.<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The family of Jose Pepito, Christituto Rosales, Agapito Ngabil, Alipio Moratas, Durotio Buhisan (became Tiniente del Barrio) settled in 1929 along the coast near Lanao and called it Sugod. They suffered from the attacks of Moro bandits. Christituto Rosales was killed during the attack. Cash, jewelry, livestock, and personal belongings were robbed.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The family of Felipe Calunsag settled along the coast of <st1:place st="on">Militar</st1:place>.<span style=""> </span>They were from <st1:place st="on">Negros</st1:place> and were believed to have an amulet.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">In 1907, the people started to settle in the hinterlands of Tinotongan. Since time immemorial these pioneer settlers was forgotten but in 1922 the Ruque, followed by Gorre and the Bayson of Leyte settled.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The families of Reyes, Farales, Gungora, Fiscador, Kilalang and Fabros, all from Zambales settled in 1932-33 in the place and name it Luy-a because of the abundant presence of ginger. They underwent hardships on the early years of settlement.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">On board the steamship Mactan, the Aragon’s and de Jesus’ all from <st1:place st="on">Luzon</st1:place> settled the place in 1930 in a place called Camanga. The Visayan peddlers often stumble in the slippery mountain trail of the area named the place. “Camanga” means, “you crawl” in passing the place due to heavy rains and sticky mud.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The Respicio from Pagadian of kilometro zero settled in 1935 followed by the Vicentes and Cababaros in 1936 in a place called Tabuan and the rest followed later. The people called it Tabuan for it was believed during the olden times that people used to meet during Tabu (meeting place for barter).<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;">In Tukuran, the Visayans had started to settle along the coast during the late 1920s and came in gradual. The family of Francisco Babanto of <st1:place st="on">Bohol</st1:place> settled in 1927. The families of Francisco Rosales, Pablo Bulawen, Leopoldo Pabling, Segundino Ramonal, Pal-ing, Tabuada, Demetrio Donor, Ponciano Lahaylahay, Iking Banawa, Rubiato, Miguel Oracion, Rufino Mira, Arado, arrived in the late 20’s as accounted by<span style=""> </span>Hilaria Lahaylahay. However;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Because of Malaria, some pioneers evacuated the place leaving their homes empty. The place was swampy, nipa trees grows, leech and crabs are found in creeks, Inyam trees are abundant.<sup>92</sup></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">In the late 1930s Ilocanos from <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Juan</st1:city></st1:place>, Agno, Pangasinan, had started to settle. They came with their able-bodied members of the family.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Food, medicine, farm supply, and even the fair in boarding the steamship Mactan were free.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> They were divided into two batches. The first were the Sagun, Cabrales and Cabrido family in 1937. Originally, they were assigned in <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Koronadal</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Valley</st1:placetype></st1:place> by the government. But Mr. Tomas Sagun insisted that they should settle in Tukuran. The latter and Melchor Cabrales were teaching in <st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Primary school</st1:placetype> now <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename> <st1:placename st="on">Central</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Elementary School</st1:placetype></st1:place>. Using a lantsa (steamboat) which Tomas rented, they board for Tukuran. They arrived at Sipaway now <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Carlos</st1:city></st1:place>. Eulalia wife of Quintin Cabrales who later became the town councilor, cried because of the situation she had seen. Unlike <st1:place st="on">Luzon</st1:place>, there were only few people with an alien dialect, no clear roads, and bugang grass was dominant and a swampy area filled with seashore creatures.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The second batch was on board steamship Mactan. They were the Gozalos, Santiagos, Tornitos, and Narvaez’.<span style=""> </span>They duct at Tukuran beach at <st1:date year="1938" day="3" month="5" st="on">May 3, 1938</st1:date>.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The families of Felipe Lumbas and Basilio Colinares form Man-ilan, Catmon, <st1:place st="on">Cebu</st1:place> settled the place and name it from where they came from.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The family of Anatacio Botanas and others from Manlayag, Catmon, and <st1:place st="on">Cebu</st1:place> settled the placed and name it from where they came from.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">As a result of the heavy influx of settlers from <st1:place st="on">Luzon</st1:place> and Visayans the existing balance of population among the indigenous Moro, Lumads, and Christian inhabitants underwent serious changes. In addition to the cases of Zamboanga and Bukidnon one will readily see how imbalance in the population led to imbalance in the distribution of Political power as well as of cultivable lands and other natural and economic resources.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> As the result of settlement indigenous population naturally receded from their habitat in the plains upward into the forest areas.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> In Luy-a and Camanga Subanons receded from their habitat and the Iranun Muslim transferred in gradual to Labangan.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The Subanons in Tinotongan and Manlayag, the newly settled area receded from their habitat.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> In Sugod, settlers suffer from the attacks of the Moro Bandits.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">In Tukuran, most of the old names of the places were changed. Christians changed Kanlukan to Lambayong because of the abundance of Lambayong plant. Iliam/Ilian an Iranun ancient burial site was change to Kamangahan by Christians because of the century old mango tree serves as marker on each family grave.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> This burial site did not survive since the arrival of Christians because the very site became a residential place among the settlers. Moreover, some of the mango trees were cut down during the widening of municipal road.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Most of the settlers acquired lands because of some reasons: the Subanons used to barter their occupied lands with canned goods e.g. tinapa and sardinas and other modern products to the settlers and most of the Moro were reluctant in cultivating their occupied lands and prefer to go fishing or drinking coffee at painitan in early morning. They usually sell their occupied lands to the Christians.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Socio-cultural and Socio-Economic Development During Settlement<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">During the early days of settlement, English was the Lingua Franca. They called it carabao English because of poor grammatical structure. Pangpang and Iranun could speak English and used to mingle with the Christian Ilocano and later they learned Cebuano language.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Through the advent of the home seekers, barrio Tukuran had increased its sitios. These were the sitios of Tilibong, Tinago which later became Santo Niño. Sipaway and Lambayong which later became part of Panduma. Kamangahan, Kanawa, and Guay later become part of Curvada. Alinahaw later become a barangay. Kamunggayan and Pasil emerge during 80s as new sitios and peopled by rebel returnees.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Fiesta was celebrated after the arrival of settlers and Sr. San Isidro was the patron saint (now patron saint of <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Carlos</st1:city></st1:place>). In 1937, <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Primary School</st1:placetype></st1:place> consisted of one room for grade one and two but in the following year, one room was added for grade three and four due to the increase of enrollees. Most of the students were sons and daughters of the settlers.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> According to Napoleon Cabrales:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">We used to go to Labangan for the books of the student. My uncle and my teacher Tomas Sagun used to rent a hand-powered boat for the transportation of books. Sometimes we were wet and so were the books due to heavy rains and strong wave at the sea. Lumod, a whale used to swim along the boat while going to Labangan.<sup>108<o:p></o:p></sup></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;">Fish was very much abundant in Tukuran. At the depth of 1 ½ meter Tulingan, a tuna was found.<span style=""> </span>Fish were sold by taro (cans). Some were given to people, but often many were found rotten along the seashore.</p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;">In the forested barrio of Camanga, Luy-a and Tinotongan wildlife were found. Wild pigs (baboy-sulop), wild deer (binaw), monkeys and hornbill birds (kalaw) were found. Leonora Lagoy’s interview runs as follows:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">“Baboy-sulop always caused destruction on our root crops and mais (corn). Our elders had ping pong balls, a homemade bomb, to catch baboy-sulop. The meat was marinated and made as Kusahos (dried meat). Kalaw served as timekeeper for it sounds at exactly at 12 <st1:time minute="0" hour="12" st="on">noons</st1:time>”</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">In the forest, Subanons practiced kaingin as the agricultural activity. While in the coast the Iranuns engaged in fishing of which they usually brought their catch to Malabang. After planting mais, the Visayans usually cast their nets to the sea and engaged in Panglab-as, a fish trading. The Ilocanos and Ilonggos settled in the valley for they were rice planters. It was this people who developed the valleys into rice paddies. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Together with these settlers were their customs and traditions. Calesa from <st1:place st="on">Luzon</st1:place> was used as means of transportation but vanished during 1960s. Ilocano sleigh was used in rice paddies in transporting cabans of rice. These people were also fond of Basi, a rice rhum and Ilocano bagoong, a fermented fish. Some of them still practice intermarriage to protect them from marrying other tribes specially Moro.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Visayans on the other hand, used to make Tinabal, a salted fish and sold it to the neighboring barrios and towns. Visayan people from the hinterlands went down to sell their products in Tukuran at Daang Mercado, now Provincial Fish port.<b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> <div style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"> <!--[endif]--> <div style="" id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The Minorization of The Indigenous Communityes Of <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place> And Sulu.,B.R. Rodil(Department of </p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>History ,<st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Mindanao</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">State</st1:placetype> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> -Iligan Institute of Technology,Iligan city,December 1993).p17.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Rodil.,The Minoritization<u>.,op.cit</u>., p18.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Peter Growing, Mandate in the Moroland, The Government of Muslim-Filipinos, 1899-1920.(Director,<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span><st1:placename st="on">Dansalan</st1:placename> <st1:placename st="on">Research</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype>, <st1:placename st="on">Dansalan</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">College</st1:placetype>, <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Marawi</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">City</st1:placetype></st1:place>. New Day Published <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Quezon City</st1:city></st1:place> 1983.)</p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>p113.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>. p113</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn5"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Finley<u>,op.cit.,</u>p.6.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn6"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span>Labangan Teachers,<u>op.cit</u>., p68.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn7"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><u>Ibid,</u>p68</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn8"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span>Finley,<u>op.cit.,.</u>p6</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn9"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Labangan Teachers,op.cit., p68.</p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p> </o:p></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn10"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Rodil.,The Minoritization.,<u>op.cit</u>., p46</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn11"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Labangan Teachers,<u>op.cit</u>., p68.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn12"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid,</u> p65 </p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn13"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Finley,The Subano:Studies .<u>op.cit</u>.p.6.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn14"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span>Labangan Teachers,<u>op.cit</u>., p68</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn15"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Finley,The Subano:Studies <u>. op.cit</u>.,p.6.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn16"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span>Labangan Teachers,<u>op.cit</u>., p.69.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn17"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Bautista,<u>op.cit</u>.,p.7.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn18"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span>Labangan Teachers,<u>op.cit</u>., p.65.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn19"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.,</u> p69</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn20"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Growing,<u>op.cit</u>., p48 </p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn21"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Growing,<u>op.cit</u>., p113</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn22"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><u>.</u> Growing,<u>op.cit,</u> p19</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn23"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Annual Report of the Philippine Commision.Part1pp370-72; quoted by Rudy Rodel (UP- Diliman,<st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Quezon City</st1:city></st1:place>.)p285.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn24"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Labangan Teachers.<u>op.cit</u>.,p.1.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn25"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid, </u>p69</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn26"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>History of Zamboanga del Sur, 2000,p38</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn27"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid, </u>p.54.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn28"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Labangan Teachers<u>.op.cit</u> <u>,</u>p69.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn29"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> History of Zamboanga <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">del</st1:state></st1:place> Sur.<u>op.cit.,</u> p37-38</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn30"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid,</u> p38</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn31"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid, </u>p36</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn32"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Labangan Teachers<u>.op.cit,</u> p68</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn33"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Rodil.,<u>The Minoritization</u>., .op.cit., p.33.</p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p> </o:p></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn34"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Labangan Teachers.op.cit<u>,</u> pp. 76</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn35"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.</u> p67</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn36"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.</u> p82</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn37"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid. </u>p55</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn38"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.</u> p58</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn39"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.</u> p6</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn40"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A Tape Interview with Leonora Cababaro Lagoy, 77 yrs. Old at Dorado’s Residence in Purok<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Masidlakon, Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur. On <st1:date month="5" day="23" year="2001" st="on">May 23,2001</st1:date> at <st1:time hour="15" minute="0" st="on">3p.m.</st1:time> henceforth referred to as Lagoy<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Interview.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn41"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A Tape Interview with Napoleon Cabrales, 76 yrs. Old at his residence at San Carlos Tukuran, </p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Zamboanga del Sur. On <st1:date month="11" day="17" year="2001" st="on">November 17, 2001</st1:date> at <st1:time hour="10" minute="30" st="on">10:30 a.m.</st1:time> henceforth referred to as <st1:place st="on">N. Cabrales</st1:place><span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Interview.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn42"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>. p2</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn43"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A Tape Interview with Guillerma Calpo Cabredo, 84 yrs. Old at his son’s residence in Kamangahan, </p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Curvada Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur. On <st1:date month="5" day="22" year="2001" st="on">May 22, 2001</st1:date> at <st1:time hour="11" minute="30" st="on">11:30 a.m.</st1:time> henceforth referred to as G. </p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Cabrido Interview.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn44"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Labangan Teachers.<u>op.cit,</u> p82</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn45"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A Tape Interview with Raymunda Mulat Suday, 94 yrs. Old at his residence in Purok 5, Mandayag,<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur. On <st1:date month="5" day="23" year="2001" st="on">May 23, 2001</st1:date> at <st1:time hour="11" minute="0" st="on">11 a.m.</st1:time> henceforth referred to as Suday Interview.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn46"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Rodil.,<u>The Minoritization</u>., <u>op.cit.,</u> p37</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn47"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.</u> p37</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn48"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Labangan Teachers.<u>op.cit,</u> p47</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn49"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Suday Interview.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn50"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> . Labangan Teachers.<u>op.cit</u> p77</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn51"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A Tape Interview with Sultan Mamadra Panduma, at his 80s in his residence in Panduma, Tukuran, </p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Zamboanga del Sur. On <st1:date month="8" day="11" year="2001" st="on">August 11, 2001</st1:date> at <st1:time hour="9" minute="0" st="on">9 a.m.</st1:time> henceforth referred to as Panduma Interview</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn52"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.</u> p7</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn53"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Interview with Mrs. Conchita B. Respicio. 79 yrs. Old at her residence in Respicio Rice and Corn Mill, </p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur on <st1:date month="5" day="23" year="1989" st="on">May 23, 1989</st1:date> at <st1:time hour="20" minute="0" st="on">8 p.m.</st1:time> hence referred to us C. Respicio interview.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn54"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A tape interview with Mr. Napoleon Cabrales, 79 yrs.old at his residence at <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Carlos</st1:city></st1:place>, Tukuran,<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Zamboanga del Sur on <st1:date month="11" day="8" year="2001" st="on">November 8, 2001</st1:date> at <st1:time hour="11" minute="0" st="on">11 a.m.</st1:time> hence referred to us <st1:place st="on">N. Cabrales</st1:place> interview.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn55"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A tape interview with Mr. Romeo Respicio, 74 yrs. Old at his residence at <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Carlos</st1:city></st1:place>, Tukuran,<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style=""> </span>Zamboanga del Sur on <st1:date month="6" day="5" year="2000" st="on">June 5, 2000</st1:date> at <st1:time hour="17" minute="0" st="on">5p.m.</st1:time> Hence referred to us R. Respicio interview.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn56"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=6416950986246446564#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> N. Cabrales Interview. </p> </div> </div>Oracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1821819301288066077.post-59429964292018167402007-11-23T16:04:00.000-08:002011-04-04T13:27:12.541-07:00Spanish Period<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXZFna_89NR8XJMliN2jWqsIMy6EGJC6Mdy1_OAdfkauq46bjAIrxBVodQ9te87a_wmcCb9jgSJxFTMMysrC82Uc26w-GtQwtGEoh-KlHGxRK8alq4jONpQzovsE1EJYmKAeo5leJAPtY/s1600/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 256px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXZFna_89NR8XJMliN2jWqsIMy6EGJC6Mdy1_OAdfkauq46bjAIrxBVodQ9te87a_wmcCb9jgSJxFTMMysrC82Uc26w-GtQwtGEoh-KlHGxRK8alq4jONpQzovsE1EJYmKAeo5leJAPtY/s320/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5591824442087435922" /></a><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style=""><a href="http://www.liceodezamboanga.org/">Spanish Period</a><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>At the beginning of the 17<sup>th</sup> century, <st1:country-region st="on">Spain</st1:country-region>’s suzerainty over the <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Philippines</st1:country-region></st1:place> had been fairly established. Her colonization had brought great changes in the political, economic, and cultural life in the <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Philippines</st1:country-region></st1:place>.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <h3 style="text-align: left; line-height: 200%;" align="left">The name Tukuran and its Strategic location</h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Tukuran is derived from the word “Tukod” meaning to build or to construct. It was because the place was renowned for building of bankas by Datu Amirul, the father of Uztog (Untong), for his men so they could go fishing. Thus, the name Tukuran existed.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> In the olden times travelers and traders from far off lands, particularly Zamboanga, places of Lanao Region and Misamis Region used to land or pass this isthmus as the shortest way to Panguil in going to the Visayan islands, making her a strategic location on the trade route.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <h2 style="line-height: 200%;">The People</h2> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The Aborigines of Tukuran were the Iranuns, an Islamic Tribe along the coast, and Subanons a pagan tribe of the Hinterlands.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Iranun, which means “Lords of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Eastern</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Seas</st1:placetype></st1:place>”, comes from the word <i style="">I–Lanaw-en</i> that is of Maguindanao origin meaning, “people from the lake.” The term was popularized by the coastal inhabitants of the Philippine Archipelago, the Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra under European rulers as Illanun, (Iranun, Illanaon, Lanun, Illano)- This was later erroneously extended to include non-Maranao speaking people of <st1:place st="on">Southern Mindanao</st1:place> like the Tausug of Jolo, and the Samal of the Sulu Archipelago. The labels Moros, Zeeroovers, and Ilanun were used as late as 1862 to classify various maritime peoples whose ethnic origins did not always correspond to linguistic and political affiliation. The Tausug of Sulu refers Maguindanao, Maranao, and Iranun as Illanun.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The English used Illanun indiscriminately to denote simply “Sulu Pirates.” The Dutch considered them a “ Vile Raise,” identifying them as the shore-dwelling people of Southern Mindanao, Sulu, and several places on the coast of Borneo and <st1:place st="on">Sumatra</st1:place>.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The Subanons are said to be peaceful and industrious people of the mountain.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The Dutch in 1700, Cpt. Paulus de Brievings and Ensign Jacob Cloeck, on their way to Minadanao from <st1:place st="on">Ternate</st1:place> used Alfoerezen to apply non-Islamic tribe from Lanao to Zamboanga. According to the accounts of Pastells to Capell as translated and edited by Emma Helen Blair and James Robertson:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">The Subanon people are a tribe that has become degenerate because of the persecutions, which they have had to endure from the Moros who collect large tributes from them. They are husbandmen, but the Moros gain the benefits of their sweats.<span style=""> </span>They are long-suffering and pacific for they are not accustomed to the handling of arms; and they are superstitious and ignorant. Their docility would render their complete reduction very easy. They occupy almost all the <st1:placetype st="on">Peninsula</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Sibugay</st1:placename>, and are contagious to the Moros of Lanao and of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Illana</st1:placename></st1:place>. The latter make use of them, for they enslave them in order to make them work their fields.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[7]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span></i></b>Another accounts of Gayongos:</p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal;">We have witnessed, with great grief and pain, the Tiruray and Subanons being sold as if they were beast, young men of 20 range from 40 pesos to 80 pesos: children between 7 to 10 range from 30 pesos to 40 pesos; while adults varied in price range from 30 pesos to 60 pesos, depending upon the robustness and appearance.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[8]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>They were subjected to the sultanate of Maguindanao and pay annually tax (Buhis).<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span></p> <h1 style="line-height: 200%;">Vassalage of Sultan of Maguindanao</h1> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Tukuran had been vassalage of sultan of Maguindanao even during the time of Kudarat.<span style=""> </span>As evidence an excerpt from the Treaty of Sultan Kudarat of Maguindanao and King Philip IV of <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Spain</st1:country-region></st1:place> which was signed on 24th of June 1645 as. Below is the translated version of de la Costa:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">The Spanish crown recognized the people living in the territory from <st1:placename st="on">Iho</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">River</st1:placetype>, in the interior, and in the middle of the Tagalook until <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Sibugay</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place> as vassalage of Kudarat… In the other side, Kudarat recognized the territory around the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Lake</st1:placetype> <st1:placename st="on">Lanao</st1:placename></st1:place> as a part of Spanish territory.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[10]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Another evidence is excerpt from Dr. N. Saleeby in 1909’s research:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">During his greatness, the sultan of Maguindanao ruled the whole Southern coast of <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place>, from Punta Tugubum in the east of Mati until in Zamboanga, … until part of Dapitan.<span style=""> </span>All the pagan tribe living in <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Davao</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype></st1:place>, and in Sarangani, all Subanons in the west of Tukuran and Dapitan recognized his sovereignty and pay tax (Buwis) on him…<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[11]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Another evidence is an excerpt from Dr.Cesar Majul’s in 1973 research:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">The Sultanate of Maguindanao was recognized as the highest leader of Pulangi. His sphare of influence extended to the Iranon territory and of the Maranaos, and also the Bukidnon and Butuan of northern <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place>.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[12]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The first evidence account since Tukuran belongs to the same geographic location. The second showed that the Subanons pay tax to the sultan of Maguindanao. The third evidence mentioned the Iranuns recognizing the Sultanate’s power.</p> <h1 style="line-height: 200%;">Sultan Amirul</h1> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The oral tradition help us a lot to trace the history of a Moro leader inTukuran. The accounts of E. D. Vives on August 1857 made mention on Amirul Muzza of <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place> as a good fiend of the Spaniards.<span style=""> </span>The accounts of Gayongos on 1883 made mention on Datu Ylian as the successor of the throne. The Spaniards established intimate relationship with some leaders of the central part of the island. Like the Sultan of Ganasi (Gannasi) as Datu Ylian later became Datu Amirul of Mindanao who had been given a fortune by the Spanish government.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Amanicauro, son of Datu Ylian lived in the fort with about 300 Moros and they earned a living by the trade they sustained with Jolo, <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Lake</st1:placetype> <st1:placename st="on">Lanao</st1:placename></st1:place>, Pollok and Cotabato. Even though the Sultanate of Datu Ylian was in Ganasi, the biggest town of <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Lake</st1:placetype> <st1:placename st="on">Lanao</st1:placename></st1:place> he habitually resided with his son in this fort.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The Spaniards strongly believed that this Datu, who was a cousin of Amirul Muzza of <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place>, was the most likely to succeed him. For this reason the Spanish were working on him diplomatically, as it suited their purpose, for the following reasons: with the death of Datu Amirul, who received a pension of P1,000 and his son Sultan Muamud Bacacao [Muhammad Makakwa], who received P800, the new heir Sultanate, Muhammad Yaladulin [Jalal-ud-Din] Pablu, should in their opinion enjoy the pension of P1000.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">There were several candidates of the sultanate namely: Datu Uto of Bacat, an enemy of Spain who counted many followers; another was Mauinitan, first cousin of Pablu the Radia Mura (Rajah Muda) and the third was the uncle of Pablu, Datu Tan of Simoay. According to Spaniards the first contender was not acceptable while the other two were very good friends of Spain and they should like to have them become adviser of Sultan Pablu and the Spaniards tried to give them P800 each as a reward for their splendid service to Spain.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> According to Gayongos, 1864:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">As we foresaw, there was the advantage of having Datu Ylian occupy the place vacated by the death of Amirul; first, he is a man of natural talent; second, he is the first cousin of the deceased; third, the main reason, because as a Sultan of Ganasi, leading town of Lake Lanao, we can obtain important information about this lake which would prove useful to us should our government ever wanted to make a foothold in the place. <o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal;">For this reason, we work on the plan we had in mind and create a proper atmosphere among principal Datus such that they came to agree with our opinion and were ready to comply with our wishes. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">We were completely successful. Datu Ylian was named to succeed Amirul and becomes our friendship with him the majority of Lanao Datu sided with us.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[17]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>This evidence showed that Amirul once ruled Tukuran as part of his territory mentioned by the oral tradition, secondly, that Tukuran was once part of Caromatan and recognized the power of Spanish crown on <st1:date year="1851" day="25" month="3" st="on">March 25, 1851</st1:date> and thirdly that Tukuran was<span style=""> </span>a vassalage of Sultanate of Maguindanao . </p> <h1 style="line-height: 200%;">Characteristics of the Sultanate and its Subjects</h1> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0.75in;">The characteristics of the Sultanate and its subjects could be best understood through the account of E.D.Vives on his travel along the cost of Illana to Rio Grande of Cotabato on August 1857:</p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0in; line-height: normal;"><b style=""><i style="">The entire population that composes this fertile and almost unknown area, is found to be, if not in a completely savage state, at least in the infancy of civilization.<span style=""> </span>With all of the qualities and all of the defects that constitute the childhood of societies. <a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[18]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Boastful and timid at the same time, these people make ridiculous showing of power and speak of wars that they carry on with some towns governed by unpeaceful chieftains.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[19]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span>They consider themselves to be invincible and all-powerful in these combats, which are common, and by verbal. <a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[20]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Even when they have a standard number of cannon and artillery, it is a sign of useless strength in their hands, not only because they do not know how to handle them, but also because of the condition in which those elements of destruction are found.<span style=""> </span>For the Muslim of <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place> consider them to be a sign of sure victory.<span style=""> </span>But they do not know the complete importance of such terrible aid when it is tampered by know how. When we visited the <st1:city st="on">Rio Grande</st1:city> in February, some candid Datus told us that they were waging war as bloody as that of <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Russia</st1:country-region></st1:place>.<span style=""> </span>These we see how presumptuous is the childish condition of these infidel races.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[21]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span>The dominant religion in this land is Islam.<span style=""> </span>But better said this religion consists only of certain superstitious practices which the priests or Panditas carefully maintain for their own benefits.<span style=""> </span>On the other hand, if the aversion of the inhabitants of the river towards pork did not reveal certain characteristics of Islam, it would be difficult to know that this religious doctrine was predominantly when one sees the pleasure and the abundance in which the Muslims of <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place> publicly consumed wives and spirited drinks of all kinds.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[22]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span>There is no King to rule; nor does there exist a single law that signifies the rights and duties of the associated individuals.<span style=""> </span>But there is a Sultan with fictitious power whom the datus or chieftains of the towns and villages that make up the group, nominally respect.<span style=""> </span>But this Sultan has neither revenue nor troops.<span style=""> </span>He receives no other obedience than that which his so-called subordinates and dependents of the sultanate wish to give voluntarily to his orders.<span style=""> </span>And this obedience cease, to exist the moment that the will of the Sultan is not in harmony with the desires of the datus or when it is contrary to their particular interest.<span style=""> </span>This organization through lack of unity, because of its inability to perform and resist aggression, is liable for conquest.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[23]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span>As feudalism is savage form, the political organization of these peoples suffers from the vices that characterize such an imperfect system of government, which is carried to the full potential of its degrading condition.<span style=""> </span>Each datu therefore considers himself as the most outstanding and powerful chieftain of the country, and yet he has no more loyal subjects than his relatives and his slaves.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[24]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <h1 style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p> </o:p></h1> <h1 style="line-height: 200%;">The Community and Its Territory<span style="font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The Iranun established settlements and mooning sites along the river mouth of the Southeast coast of <st1:placename st="on">Illana</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype> from Punta Flechas to Polloc and all along the coast as far as <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Sindangan</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype></st1:place>.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span>Thomas Forrest on his account, said, “Their cruisers were fitted out in the vicinity of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Iligan</st1:placename></st1:place> at Laparan in the North, and at Tubug and Tukuran in the South.” Along the mangrove-screened cross of <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Illana</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype></st1:place> and in its innumerable inlets the Iranun lived in, built and repaired their prahus with impunity until well into the second half of the nineteenth century. These Iranun communities specialized in slave raiding.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">There were branches of Maguindanaos in Zamboanga particularly in Dinas, Tukuran, and Kumalarang in <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Dumanquillas</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype></st1:place>. They recognized the Sultan of Maguindanao as ruler of the territory from <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">gulf</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Sibuguey</st1:placename></st1:place> until Mati, Davao Oriental.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">The Moro world could be divided according to Datu O. Mastura in 1979 into three parts; first the Pulangi valley, second the Biwang left part of Pulangi and third the Kawanan right side of Pulangi until Tukuran where Pagadian is a part.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""> </span>The <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">territory</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Oran Ilanon</st1:placename></st1:place> according to Thomas Forrest was from Punta Tugapangan until Tukuran.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> It is in Tukuran where the <st1:placetype st="on">territory</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Oran Ilanun</st1:placename> ended and the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">territory</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Maguindanao</st1:placename></st1:place> started.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The Subanons world could be divided according to Emerson B. Christie in 1909 into four parts; first The southern coast of peninsula from Tukuran to Buluan.According to him due to the long living with the Moro and long interaction, and to the Datu of the Sultanate of Maguindanao where the Subanons pay tax, their culture were influenced by the Moro. Second those living in the end part of the peninsula, from Buluan of eastern coast until Kipit of western coast, third The Subanons living in the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Gulf</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Sindangan</st1:placename></st1:place>, and fourth those living in the hinterlands not part of the Christian community of Misamis and the eastern part of Dapitan.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> </p> <h1 style="line-height: 200%;">Tukuran as Part of <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Illana</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype></st1:place> Recognized Spanish Sovereignty</h1> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;">Tukuran submitted to and recognized Isabel III as Queen Regent of <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Spain</st1:country-region></st1:place>. As evidence, an excerpt from E. D. Vives El Rio Grande de Mindanao on August 1857 as translated and edited by Francisco R. Demetrio S. J. Ph. D. of <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Xavier</st1:placename> <st1:placename st="on">University</st1:placename></st1:place>, Cagayan de Oro states:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">“On February 25, 1850, an act of submission to the Spanish and recognition of its sovereignty was signed by Sia Mama, the Sultan of Zarax and various datus among those that govern the most important people of the bay and plain nearest to the Rio Grande; and finally on March 25, 1851, the Sultan of Carumatan and datus of other peoples of the same bay, submitted themselves to Spanish powers recognizing the sovereignty of her majesty and her uncontested rights over the lands that they govern.<span style=""> </span>Such is the progress of our relations with these peoples that are called to form an integral part of the great Spanish nation by constituting one of the finest gems of <st1:place st="on">Oceania</st1:place>…”<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[32]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></b></p> <h1 style="line-height: 200%;">As surveyed by Spaniards</h1> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">There were surveys conducted by Spaniards in the Isthmus of Tukuran because of its strategic place for Spanish stronghold and to shorten communication in north of <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Pangil</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype></st1:place> to south of Illana Bay. As evidence an excerpt from Martel de Gayongos Manuscript’s la Isla de Mindanao 1864 Ayer Collection, Newberry Library is quoted by the researcher: </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoHeading7"><i style="">The Region of Tukuran<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal;">This territory, located in northern part of <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Illana</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype></st1:place>, has a clear and wholesome atmosphere and its soil, traversed by rivulets, is fertile. Its inhabitants, Moros who subsist by the production of their land, maintain commercial ties with the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Province</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Misamis</st1:placename></st1:place> in the northern portion of the island, with its second district being a shorter route form Pagarian (Pagadian).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">This settlement is populated by about 200 souls and its shore is plentiful stocked with wild boars, especially at dawn, as we have witnessed. But, in spite of having requested for a specimen of this animal, we cannot obtain any.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[33]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">He further made recommendation on the place he visited and the following recommendation quoted by the researchers focuses only Tukuran:</p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal;">We belied that Mindanao be<span style=""> </span>divided into 8 districts: 1 Zamboanga, 2 Misamis, 3 Surigaw, 4 Davao, 5 Cottabato, 6 Sarangani, 7 Pagadian or Tukuran and 8 Dumanquillas .The district 1,4,5,6,7 and 8 be run by officers of 1<sup>st</sup> to 2<sup>nd</sup> class. The capital should be situated in the navigable rivers.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[34]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>In warfare Pagadian or Tukuran should have 100 men.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[35]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>In Aid and Development in article #8 he mention that; it is absolutely necessary for the government to open the road from Tukuran or Pagadian to Misamis so that there could be daily contact between the northern and southern districts. Tukuran is a military colony .The island has more or less 1200 rivers and 38 were navigable including <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[36]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%;">Another evidence an excerpt from Ramon Blanco does Paul S. Lietz, <st1:placename st="on">Loyola</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype>, translate Memoria acerca <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">del</st1:state></st1:place> estado dela Provincia de Zamboanga on 26th of July 1871;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style="">“<i style="">This is a confidential report to the Captain General of the <st1:country-region st="on">Philippines</st1:country-region>, in compliance with an order of June 12, suggesting certain changes and improvements in the military and political control of <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place>.<span style=""> </span>Recommendations include a change of the capital from Zamboanga to Cotabato; the building of a road across the narrow waste of the eastern peninsula from north to south between Tacuran (Tukuran), Sintogub (Lintugop) to shorten communication and for military advantages against the Moros…”<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[37]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Gayongos who was able to visit and travel places such as Tukuran once occupied a modest position in the government service and was later assigned to the central part of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">island</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Mindanao</st1:placename></st1:place>. He stayed there for six consecutive years, in places generally abandoned because of their isolation and insecurity, without having enjoyed leave privileges whatsoever.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <h1 style="line-height: 200%;">Fort Alfonso XII</h1> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">On the left side of <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place> (Brgy. Militar) a fortified station named after the member of the Royal Family known as Fort Alfonso XII<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> as <span style=""> </span>built to stop the Moro from slave raiding activities against the Subanons People to Christians, and to facilitate their pacification on Mindanao campaign of colonization in general. <a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> As evidence, an excerpt from the accounts of Pastells to Capell as translated and edited by Emma Helen Blair and James Robertson noted:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style="">The military road from Tukuran to Maranding which has been ordered to be built by his Excellency, Capt. General Terrero will destroy the domination exercise by Illianos Moros and those of Lanao over the Subanons, for it will destroy the piracy and captivity because the impossibility of communication. At the same time, it will facilitate the action of the missionaries in the reduction of the said heathens.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[41]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Another evidence is an excerpt from Retana’s accounts in 1896:</p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span>One of the primary concerns of the military road construction of Tukuran-Misamis is to establish a communication from North to South, which is not in the interior of the island, in addition to defense of the Subanons, peaceful people from the aggression of the Moros who were usually abducted them and to reduce the terrible Moro slavery. The blanket of this trail, justly speaking, was under the possession ofGovernor General Valeriano Weyler<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[42]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>. The construction was officially ended on 12<sup>th</sup> of March 1890. The path measures 28 km., and there the forts of Tukuran or Alfonso XIII, Infanta Isabel<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[43]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> or Lubig (Lubid) and Lintogut (Lintugop) were established, in the bottom of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Pangil</st1:placename></st1:place>. Since the last movement none can possibly continue the road to Misamis because of the swampy</i></b> <b style=""><i style="">terrain… continuing the road to Lintugot and from here to Misamis… Practicing the acknowledgement, with the order of the General, to see if it was possible to open the road from Lintugot to Lubig towards the end of Binuni… With all, the first time the line of the forts of the trail was established, there was a lot of choices to dominate the more important part of the island in a more effective, and after the situation in the end mentioned, to put up again in Margo-sa-tubig, in the Dumanquillas, the more of that given willingness to put up in frequent relation during the</i></b> <b style=""><i style="">more principal periods existing from Dapitan to Cagayan or Misamis,</i></b> <b style=""><i style="">and restore the maritime service wanted in the south coast of the island to prevent piratical expeditions.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[44]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><b style=""><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Another account by Finley was found which described the Spanish forts of Alfonso and its neighboring forts in the Isthmus<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> of Tukuran used by Spaniards in pacifying the Moro and their campaign on the complete colonization in <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place>.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span><i style="">The Spaniards preparation at Tukuran and of the Trocha consisted of a stone blockhouse at the mouth of the river; earthwork on the high bluffs above the river on the eastside; a stone fort on a knoll about one hundred yards farther east: another stone blockhouse about a quarter of a mile east of the river and on a knoll overlooking the sea and guarding the water supply of the fort. In connection of the earthwork on the bluffs, the Spaniards constructed quarters, barracks, stone houses, a hospital and magazines for the use of infantry and artillery. A wagon road on the Trocha was built from Tukuran to Lintogud, connecting the fortified station of Cristina, Isabel and Alfonso XIII. A map dated in 1891 from Proyectos de Dominacion y Colonizacion de Mindanao y Jolo (Salcedo 1891) shows that four forts were constructed namely Alfonso XIII, Isabel, Sta. Paz y Sta. Eulalia and Maria Cristina.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[46]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><i style=""><span style=""> </span></i>Districts and communities of Moro people and their leaders in <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place> on ca. 1898,<span style=""> </span>including Tukuran and the neighboring communities. <a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> are found in an<span style=""> </span>Excerpt from Benito Francia y Ponce de Leon y Julian Gonzales Parrado in their <u>Las Islas Filipinas: Mindanao</u> as quoted by B. Rodil:</p> <h4>Communities<span style=""> </span>Leaders</h4> <h6>Tucuran (Tukuran)<span style=""> </span>Sultan Uztug</h6> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">Bayao (Upper and <st1:place st="on">Lower Bayao</st1:place>)<span style=""> </span>Datto Taal<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">Rautian<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Datto Butto<o:p></o:p></i></p> <h6>Labangan<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Datto Lucos</h6> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">Balanaue<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Datto Maucuza<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">Tachagul<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Datto Mazla<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">Tiguma<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Sultan Tachagul<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">Pagadian<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Free<o:p></o:p></i></p> <h6>Masun<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Datto Payo</h6> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">Pool<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Sacaluran<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">Malubug<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Payamong (female)<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">Dimas (Dinas)<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Datto Maidan<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">Sambulawan<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Datto Andin<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">Tagulug (Tagolu)<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Datto Dagugul<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">Curumata (Sultan Naga Dimaporo)<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Free<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style="">Sigayan <span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>Sultan of Tukuran<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><i style=""><o:p> </o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;">Further, Governor Gen. Valeriano Weyler proposed the construction of a canal across the isthmus to facilitate the travel from the Visayan seas through <st1:placename st="on">Pangil</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype> to the southern seas of the Mindanao through <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Illana</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype></st1:place>. However, this plan did not materialize.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Telegraphic communication facilities were also established between Tukuran and other station to Misamis at the head of Panguil bay.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <div style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"> <!--[endif]--> <div style="" id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> GregorioE. Zaide,<u> </u>Philippine Political and Cultural History (<st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Manila</st1:city></st1:place>: Philippine Educational Company,.1957),p.58.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Teachers of <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Labangan</st1:placename></st1:place>, A brief history of the community,. Historical Data </p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText">Collection of Zamboanga del Sur., 1954, (Manila Rare Book and Manuscript Collections, National Library, TM Kalaw, Ermita,), p70.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Souvenir Program of Municipality of Tukuran (Souvenir Program on its 41<sup>st</sup> Araw ng Tukuran, 2000), p.10.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Warren, James Francis. The Sulu Zone 1768-1896,(<st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Singapore</st1:country-region></st1:place>:University Press,19790,P.178.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn5"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.</u></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn6"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><u> </u>Archeological Assessment of Spanish Historical Sites at Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur, (Manila: National Museum, June 1994), p.7.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn7"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style=""><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson, Eds. , T<u>he Philippine <st1:place st="on">Islands</st1:place></u>. (Cleveland: 1903-1909) Volume 43, pp. 283-284</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn8"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Martel de Gayangos <u>La Isla de Mindanao;translator,</u> Historical Institute,(Published by Historical Institute, Manila1864). p123</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn9"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Rudy Buhay Rodel,Kasaysayan ng mga Pamayanang<span style=""> </span>Moro ng <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place> at Arkepilago ng Sulu 1596-1898(Manila:Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Diliman Lungsod ng Quezon 1992) , p.158</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn10"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Horacio de la Costa, S.J., The Jesuits in the <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Philippines</st1:country-region></st1:place>, 1581-1768 (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1967). p 443</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn11"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Najeeb M. Saleeby, “Studies in Moro History, Law and Religion”, Notre Dame Journal, Vol.6, No.1 (April) 1975. First Ed. – <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Manila</st1:city></st1:place>: Bureau of Printing, 1905),p.32.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn12"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Rodil, Kasaysayan, <u>op.cit.</u> p.205</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn13"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Gayangos,<u>Op.Cit</u>.p123</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn14"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></u></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn15"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>. p127</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn16"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid. </u>p128</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn17"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Ibid. </p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn18"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> E.D.Vives,El Rio Grande de Mindanao 1857 ,translator, Francisco DemetrioS.J.Ph.D.(Cagayan de Oro City,1992),p1240.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn19"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.</u></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn20"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><u>Ibid.</u> </p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn21"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.</u> </p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn22"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.</u></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn23"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.</u>,p1243.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn24"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></u></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn25"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Warren</st1:city></st1:place>, <u>op.cit</u>.p151</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn26"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style=""><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></u></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn27"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Rodil, Kasaysayan, <u>op.cit</u>.,p.92.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn28"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>. <u>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></u></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn29"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>. , p151</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn30"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Rodil, Kasaysayan, <u>op.cit</u>.,p.9.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn31"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>,<u> </u>p.234-235</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn32"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Demetrio. Northern Hist, <u>op.cit.,</u> pp. 1246-1247</p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p> </o:p></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn33"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Gayangos<u> </u>op.cit., p169</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn34"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn35"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>.,p172.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn36"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid.,</u>p183.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn37"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Alfredo T. Tiamson, Mindanao-Sulu Bibliography. (Davao City: Ateneo de Davao, 1970). P.54.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn38"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>. p123</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn39"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Alfonso XIII (1886-1941), king of Spain (1886-1931), whose reign was marked by revolutionary, antidynastic uprisings, notably in Madrid and Barcelona from 1909 to 1911. He was the posthumous son of King Alfonso XII. Until he attained his majority in 1902, his mother, Queen Maria Christina, acted as regent. The principal event of this period was the Spanish-American War, in which <st1:country-region st="on">Spain</st1:country-region> lost the <st1:country-region st="on">Philippines</st1:country-region> and all its possessions in the <st1:place st="on">New World</st1:place>. Alfonso pursued a neutral policy during World War I (1914-18), but was blamed for Spanish defeats in <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Morocco</st1:country-region></st1:place> in 1921. From 1923 to 1930, he associated himself with the unpopular dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera. Following a period marked by strikes and riots, Alfonso was forced to flee <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Spain</st1:country-region></st1:place> in 1931; he spent the rest of his life in exile.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn40"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>Bautista, <u>Archeological Assessment</u>,. <u>Op.cit</u>.,p.7</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn41"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style=""><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson, Eds. <u>, op.cit</u>.,<span style=""> </span>Volume 43, pp. 283-284</p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style=""><o:p> </o:p></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn42"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Martínez de Campos, the Spanish captain general and veteran of the Ten Years' War, was replaced by Gen. Valeriano Weyler. Weyler waged a total war, but Maceo eluded his grasp for months. <st1:country-region st="on">Spain</st1:country-region> sent huge reinforcements to <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Cuba</st1:country-region></st1:place>. To put down the 1895 rebellion, the Spanish government poured more than 100,000 troops into the island. General Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau, known as the “Butcher” for his ruthless suppression of earlier revolts, was sent to the island as captain general and military governor. He immediately rounded up the peasant population and put them in concentration camps in or near garrison towns. Thousands died of starvation and disease.</p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText">The brutality of “Butcher” Weyler aroused great indignation in the <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">United States</st1:country-region></st1:place>. The general anger was exploited by sensational press reports, which exaggerated even Weyler’s ruthlessness. In 1897 the Spanish government became alarmed at the belligerent tone of public opinion in the <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">United States</st1:country-region></st1:place>. Weyler was recalled, and overtures were made to the rebels. The rebels rejected an offer of autonomy, however, and were determined to fight for complete independence.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn43"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> the Austrian archduke Albert and his wife, the Spanish infanta Isabella, who together ruled the Low Countries as viceroys for the king of <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Spain</st1:country-region></st1:place>.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn44"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> John Park Finley,<u>The Subano:Studies of a <st1:placename st="on">Sub-Visayan</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Mountain</st1:placetype> Folk of <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place> (</u>Washington,D.C.:Published by the Carnegie Institute Of Washington,1913).p7</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn45"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas. Some of the best-known examples are the Isthmus of Panama, which connects North and South America, and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, which connects southern <st1:country-region st="on">Mexico</st1:country-region> and Central America with the rest of <st1:country-region st="on">Mexico</st1:country-region> and <st1:place st="on">North America</st1:place>. While a <st1:place st="on">Peninsula</st1:place> is a strip of land largely surrounded by water and connected to a larger land mass by a narrow neck or isthmus.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn46"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Bautista, <u>Archeological Assessment</u>,.op.cit.,p.6. Until he (Alfonso XIII son) attained his majority in 1902, his mother, Queen Maria Christina, acted as regent. His (alfonso XII father) untimely death was followed by the long, troubled regency of his second wife, Maria Christina of <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Austria</st1:country-region></st1:place>.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn47"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Benito Francia y Ponce de <st1:country-region st="on">Leon</st1:country-region> y Julian Gonzales Parrado, Las Islas Filipinas: <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place> (Habana: Imp. De la Subinspiccion de Infanteria, 1898) Tomo II & I. The whole chapter IV, pp. 173-223, is focused in the Moro Community in the whole Mindanao and Basilan: Rudy Buhay Rodel,Kasaysayan ng mga Pamayanang<span style=""> </span>Moro ng <st1:place st="on">Mindanao</st1:place> at Arkepilago ng Sulu 1596-1898(Manila:Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Diliman Lungsod ng Quezon 1992) , p.286.</p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p> </o:p></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn48"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Bautista Archeological Assessment <u>op.cit.,</u>p.5.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn49"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=5942996429201816740#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>.,p7.</p> </div> </div>Oracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1821819301288066077.post-10097413771564955462007-11-23T16:02:00.000-08:002011-04-04T13:28:20.586-07:00PHYSICAL SETTING<img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 256px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9RtZM37lyRrIFdXGzM5R1FL5cRRAegoyQ63DNQ9LpsPV62paswFDAYX16u9THrx8G_4pfGGlOceCRL05dou5ShGS9cH1-5atYGDqYa-rLsHvXx1fluwSIkJTIwJdF1JOot0CQnWrkMpw/s320/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5591824206813540594" /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLNEEfP4kCN4mwcm5DmB51w2THhH2npQpAe7lHNEz-hedXUPVdeLvEdPVXyQRzkPMSGf9999UGcFpdEdi_QnG2eY4sHq6VYSFHPk1qst61KXxy5B27Xyv-swiLmfq1HIG0F3jGVregpbg/s1600/LDZ+LOGO+COLORED.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 32px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; "><b style="">Location</b></span></div></a> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span><a href="http://www.liceodezamboanga.org/">Tukuran</a> is bounded on the south by <st1:placename st="on">Illana</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype>, on the west by the <st1:placetype st="on">province</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Lanao del Sur</st1:placename>; on the north by the <st1:placetype st="on">municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Aurora</st1:placename>, on the northwest by the municipalities of Midsalip and Sominot, and on the southwest by the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Labangan</st1:placename></st1:place>. Specifically, the municipality as defined in Executive Order No. 323, has the following boundaries.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""> </span></i></b><i style="">Beginning at point 1 north of Bayao Creek, following its upstream course to point 2, a distance of 2,900 meter hence to point 3, W51-00 W a distance of 6,500 meter hence to point 4, N69-00W a distance of 10,500 meter hence due cast to point 5 intersection of Tukuran and lot 8-00W a distance of 3,700 meter hence the following the downstream course of Tukuran river. To point 6 junction of Alegria Creek and Tukuran river, a distance of about 16,100 meter, hence to point 7 in a direction until it intersects the Aurora Pagadian National Road at 142 km. a distance of 3,700 meter, hence to point 8.523 – OO E until it intersects the political boundary of the Province of Zamboanga del Sur and Lanao a distance of 5,400 meter, hence the following the said political boundary in a Southwesterly direction to the shoreline back to point 1 South of Bayao Creek”.<sup> <a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></sup></i></p> <p class="MsoBodyText"><b style=""><i style=""><sup><o:p> </o:p></sup></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="">Land Area<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText"><b style=""><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename></st1:place> has a total land area of almost 13,925.5584 km., which is divided into twenty-five barangays. This number is based on the cadastral record (CAD 1132-D) of the land Management Bureau, DENR. This number reflects a decrease in the size of the municipality from its original 21,459 hectares in 1982 due to the exclusion of Barangay Bag-ong Baroy, and Pictoran, that are now under the newly created <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Suminot</st1:placename></st1:place>. The twenty-five barangays under the jurisdiction of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename></st1:place>.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> are the following:</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Carlos</st1:city></st1:place><span style=""> </span>15. Manlayag</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Santo Niño <span style=""> </span>16. Militar</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Alindahaw<span style=""> </span>17. Navalan</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Baclay<span style=""> </span>18. Panduma Sr.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Balimbingan<span style=""> </span>19. Sambulawan</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place st="on">Lower Bayao</st1:place><span style=""> </span>20. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Antonio</st1:city></st1:place></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Buenasuerte<span style=""> </span>21. Santo Rosario</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Camanga<span style=""> </span>22. Sugod</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place st="on">Upper Bayao</st1:place><span style=""> </span>23. Tabuan</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Curvada<span style=""> </span>24. Tagulo</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Laperian<span style=""> </span>25. Tinotongan</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Libertad</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">13.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Luy-a</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">14.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Man-ilan</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Topography<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Tukuran is characterized by a mixed topography. It has a terrain ranging from level ground to undulating hills, to steep mountains. Specifically, the southern portion of the municipality, with barangays in and around the Poblacion has sea level to gently sloping areas. These areas have slope from 1-8%. On the other hand, the portion north and northeast of Tukuran are covered with hills and mountains, which are generally forest and open grassland. These are the areas between Tukuran and the <st1:placetype st="on">municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Aurora</st1:placename> and the northeastern portion between the municipality and the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">province</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Lanao del Norte</st1:placename></st1:place>. The slope ranges from 15 to 50%. Water from these steep slopes is drained into wide Tukuran and Bayao rivers, which serve as <st1:street st="on"><st1:address st="on">Natural Avenue</st1:address></st1:street> for drainage of excess run off.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><sup><o:p></o:p></sup></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Climate<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The climate of Tukuran is classified as type IV, meaning with no distinct wet or dry season, which is favorable to the cultivation of crops. Heavy rain occurs in July and August and gradually declines from September to January. Average annual rainfall for the municipality is 183 mms.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Temperature is warm throughout the year due to lack of dry season. The relative humidity from January to May is 80% from June to December. Prevailing wind direction is southwesterly. The wind experiences in the area are merely results of depression and monsoon winds.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><sup><o:p></o:p></sup></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Slope<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The slope of the land is one of the factors considered in determining the suitability of lands for urban development as well as its capability for agricultural cultivation. Approximately 55% of the total land area has a slope of more than 25%. These areas are strongly sloping to mountainous. Mostly situated near the boundaries between Aurora on the north and the Lanao <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">del</st1:state></st1:place> Norte on the northeast. Due to its soil characteristics these are presently being reforested by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Some portions are left as open grassland. Slope of 0.5% cover almost 16% of the land area. Currently planted with diversified crops like palay, corn, legumes, and vegetables. Mostly located around the Poblacion areas are barangay Panduma Sr., Militar, Curvada, Upper Bayao, Lower Bayao and Luy-a.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Portions of Bagong-Baroy, Buenasuerte, Man-ilan, and <st1:place st="on">Upper Bayao</st1:place>, have undulating to strongly sloping lands with a slope of 15 to 25%. These areas are open grasslands and patches of these are planted with diversified crops.<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><sup><o:p></o:p></sup></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Soil Types<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Knowledge of the basic soil types and its characteristics existing in an area is necessary in the selection for the best use of the land.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Records of the soil division. Department of Agriculture showed that the soil of Tukuran are divided in the following soil types:<a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><sup><o:p></o:p></sup></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Hydro-soil – is suitable for aqua-culture e.g. fishpond and fish culture</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->San Miguel Clay Loam – is suitable for the cultivation of rice, legumes and other diversified crops.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Buayan Silt Loam – is suitable for the cultivation of rice, corn and vegetables.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Camansa Silt Loam – is suitable for the cultivation of upland rice, corn, coconut and root crops since this type of soil is situated on steep to very steep slopes.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Bolinao Clay – is suitable for raising upland rice, corn, and coconuts. These types of soil are located on the northern slopes between Tukuran and the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Aurora</st1:placename></st1:place>, Zamboanga del Sur. </p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Population<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The 1995 Mid-decade Population count of the Municipality showed that the town has the total population of 30,608. This number registers an increase of 4,300 people over the 1990 population count of 26.308 or an annual growth rate of 2.62%. Population increase is attributed to the provincial center (<st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Pagadian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">City</st1:placetype></st1:place>) plus the high potential of the area of development Tukuran is composed largely of young people. Almost fifty-one percent (51%) of the total population belongs to 0-17 year age bracket. Males out<span style=""> </span>number the females by more than one percent (1.30%). People from the outlaying barangay tend to flock towards the Poblacion area, Barangay San Carlos, Santo Niño, Panduma Sr. and Alindahaw, since most of the social amenities and economic opportunities are found within these areas. In 1995, as recorded in the NSO (National Statistics Office) the Barangays of <st1:place st="on">Lower Bayao</st1:place>, Militar, Tabuan, and Camanga experienced a marked increase in their gross density. This was due to the induction of development in the rural areas.<sup>7<o:p></o:p></sup></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Education and Literacy Rate<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>The total population within the school age bracket represents more than thirty-three percent (33.35) as of 1995 municipality population. Elementary grade age level represents more than (49.35%) of the total school age population of the secondary age grade level (27.06%) and tertiary educational age level approximately 23.59%.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Literacy is defined as the condition or quality of being literate especially the ability to read and write. A detailed analysis of the literacy status of the population 7 years old and above indicate that almost 62.54% have at least an elementary grade education (21.31%) have reached high school and 5.24% have attained college education. The academic degree holder comprises only 3.35%.<sup>8<o:p></o:p></sup></p> <div style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"> <!--[endif]--> <div style="" id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoBodyText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Cabrales, Rogelio. Municipality Comprehensive Development Plan 1996-2006. Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur. p12-14.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>., pp14-16.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>.,pp16-17.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>.,pp17-18.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn5"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>., pp19-21.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn6"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <u>Ibid</u>.</p> </div> <div style="" id="ftn7"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1821819301288066077&postID=1009741377156495546#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Ibid., pp22-25.</p> </div> </div>Oracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1821819301288066077.post-44337061989702893132007-11-23T15:58:00.000-08:002011-04-04T13:28:46.921-07:00INTRODUCTION<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;">The town is situated in an <a href="http://www.liceodezamboanga.org/">Isthmus of Zamboanga</a> on its Southern part. The original inhabitants of Tukuran were the Iranun on the seacoast while Subanons on the interior part. The people’s means of livelihood is mainly on fishing and farming.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Tukuran has contributed to Zamboanga del Sur’s history. It has a beauty of her own, especially the beaches where the Tukuranons take pride in inviting visitors to come.<span style=""> </span>The place is slowly finding its own place in the historical and tourist spots in the country hence, the researchers would like to reconstruct the history of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">municipality</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Tukuran</st1:placename></st1:place>, Zamboanga, del Sur.</p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Significance of the Study<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style=""><span style=""> </span></b><span style=""> </span>The researchers hope that through this study, the people of Tukuran would know more about their town and be aware of the significant events that had occurred in their place through the years.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Furthermore, this study provides the readers some basic information about the kind of life Christian pioneer settlers of Tukuran had. It may also be a useful reference material of the municipality for the improvement of Tukuran.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>This study on the history of Tukuran shows to the community the significance of the local history in relation of the national history.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Scope and Limitation<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>This research covered the events that occurred during the years 1987 to 2001.<span style=""> </span>The study particularly emphasized the important events, which had contributed to the group and development of the place.<span style=""> </span>The historical background of the study covers from 1800’s to 1980’s.<span style=""> </span>This study, <b style="">The Preliminary History of Tukuran</b> has a concentration on the period after the EDSA revolution.<span style=""> </span>The respondents are those who witnessed the different events that happened through the years and the place, and are still residing in the town of <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Tukuran</st1:city></st1:place>, Zamboanga del Sur.<b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style=""><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Methodology<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>This historical research made use of the oral history method and ethno-linguistics in getting first hand information about the history of Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur from the1920s to 2001. The researchers also utilized records of events like these found in books, maps, souvenir programs, government journals, and other documents that are useful in accomplishing the goals of the study.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Personal interviews of key informants were also conducted. Among those interviewed are that happens in their place.<span style=""> </span>People who have substantial knowledge about the history of Tukuran since they were participants or witnesses to some historical events.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><b style="">Review of Related Literature<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span>Review of several studies and surveys pertaining to this research revealed that no formal study had ever been conducted on the History of Tukuran. However, to be able to understand further the development of Tukuran, the researchers took the initiative of conducting a thorough or comprehensive assessment of: books, government journals, and other reference materials that have already been published were consulted.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style=""> </span><br /></p>Oracle Encyclopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10544990959693659206noreply@blogger.com0